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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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discovered that the nerves of each sensory system convey only one kind of data (specific energies)
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Muller
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discovered that the state of our nerves corresponds to that of objects in suitable and regular ways
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Muller
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Discovers that the critical distance of just noticeable differences varies according to the part of the body
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Weber
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Conducted psychology's first true experiments
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Weber
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discovered that the smallest distance we can perceive btw two stimuli is not an objective, fixed amount but is subjective and varies with the weights of the objects
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Wever
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Determined JND for length of two lines, temperatures of two objects, brightness of two lights, pitch of two tones
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Weber
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neural psychology
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von Helmholtz
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invented the opthalmoscope
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von Helmholtz
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wrote his dissertation under Muller
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von Helmholtz
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conducted experiments on frogs to support his mechanistic view of behavior
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von Helmholtz
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measured the speed with which nerve impulses travel along a nerve fiber
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von Helmholtz
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Discovered tha the human eye can detect red, yellow, and blue.
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von Helmtholtz
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Intrigued by Helmholtz's research on speed of the neural impulse
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Donders
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showed that some of the time taken to respond involved cognitive activity
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Donders
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Used elapsed time as a way to investigate unseen psychological processes
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Donders
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Sought to demonstrate that everything is composed of matter and soul
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Fechner
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Suffered severe photophobia and emotional collapse due to afterimage studies
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Fechner
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Some consider him the founder of experimental psychologyq
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Fechner
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Method of limits (determining the JND of the threshold of a stimulus)
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Fechner
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Method of constant stimuli
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Fechner
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Method of adjustment (comparison stimulus is adjusted until it is perceived as the same as the original stimulus)
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Fechner
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Greatest American Psychologist of his time
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James
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once said "the first lecture I ever heard in psychoogy was the one I gave"
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James
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used introspection to derive many of his hypotheses
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James
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Founded functionalism, which holds that the higher processes were developed over the ages by evolution because of their adaptive value
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James
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Believed that psychology could not explain the connections between physiological states and mental states.
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James
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Considered consciousness a process or higher functions that is a continuous flow
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James
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Believed in free will
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James
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Recognized that when we do not attend to experiences, we may remain mostly unconscious of them
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James
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Theorized that the nervous system produces physical symptoms such as emotion (James-Lange Theory)
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James
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suggestions of psychological principles to teaching became the core of educational psychology
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James
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Helped allocate money for mental health hospitals and training mental health professionals
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James
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Father of psychology
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James
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Sought to present a more holistic psychology by discussing each phenomenon first in mental terms and then in physiological ones
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Hartley
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Brought association as a doctrine to its nadir in logical, mechanistic, and molecular simplicity
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James Mill
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Rsetored to mainsteam associationsim much of what James Mill had pruned from it, particularly about the formation of complex ideas.
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John Stuart Mill
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Said that mind of infants are not blank sheets of paper since they have reflexes, instincts, and differences in acuteness
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Bail
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Monadology
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Leibnitz
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Categories
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Kant
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The human mind actively organizes and transforms the chaos of experience into sure knowledge
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Kant
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The principle founder of modern psychology
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Wundt
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in his labs first two decades, about a hundred major experimental research studies and numerous minor ones were conducted.
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Wundt
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nonsense syllables
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Ebbinghaus
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Added introspection to Ebbinghaus method
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Muller
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Systematic experimental introspection
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Kulpe
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mental set
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Watt
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invented analytic geometry
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Descartes
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the first great psychologist of the modern age
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Descartes
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dualism of body and mind
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Descartes
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the first to discuss what later would be called the reflex
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Descartes
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innate ideas
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Descartes
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the pineal body is where body and mind interact
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Descartes
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classified the passions - six primary ones
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Descartes
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all men are by nature the enemy of all other men
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Hobbes
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the first modern associationist
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Hobbes
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train of ideas
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Hobbes
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A cartesian who suggested that body and mind are like two clocks God winds up, sets running in perfect harmony and does nothing more
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Geulincx
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A complete determinist
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Spinoza
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Monistic parallelism
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Spinoza
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the father of english empiricism
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Locke
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primary/secondary qualities
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Locke
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advocate for religous toleration except for atheists, unitarians, and muslims
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Locke
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rejected the notion of innate ideas
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Locke
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ideas in the mind come from experiences
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Locke
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Bishop of Cloyne
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Berkeley
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there are only secondary qualities
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Berkeley
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to be perceived is to be
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Berkeley
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the brightest star of the Scottish enlightenment
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Hume
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impressions/ideas
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Hume
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Resemblance/contiguity/cause and effect
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Hume
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magician-healer
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Mesmer
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applied magnets to patients
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Mesmer
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plagiarized much of his dissertation from an Isaac Newton work
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Mesmer
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saw a link btw magnetism and his theory of animal gravitation
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Mesmer
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most noted practitioner of hypnosis, derived from mesmerism
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Charcot
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first showed several discoveries about the anatomy of the brain
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Gall
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best known for his theory of phrenology
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Gall
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thought differences among human beings in intelligence and personality might be due to measurable differences in individual cortical development
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Gall
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mapped out 27 regions of the skull each representing an underlying faculty
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Gall
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his theory led to the first experimental studies of the localization of brain functions
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Gall
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assisted Gall in his skull reading
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Spurzheim
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operated on brains and removed parts
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Flourens
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Tested to see if animals without certain areas of their brain responded differently
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Flourens
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could not disprove Gall totally
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Flourens
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discovered the area of the brain that governs syntax
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Broca
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discovered the area of the brain that understands the meaning of words.
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Wernicke
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discovered the site of motor control in the brain
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Fritsch and Hitzig
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established the difference between reflex and voluntary actions
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Hales
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located the spinal cord as the source of reflex instead of the brain
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Hales
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discovered that "animal electricity" flows through nerves and is responsible for movement
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Galvani
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worked to show that the nervous system consists of sensory nerves and motor nerves and the direction in which they flow
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Bell/Magendie (worked independently)
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wrote The Advancement of Learning
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Francis Bacon
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wrote Discource on Method
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Descartes
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wrote Leviathan
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Hobbes
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wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding
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Locke
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wrote An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
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Berkeley
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wrote The Critique of Pure Reason
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Kant
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Handbook of Physiology
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Muller
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Elements of Psychophysics
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Fechner
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Principles of Physiological Psychology
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Wundt
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Principles of Psychology
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James
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Origin of Species
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Darwin
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