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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the principle factor controlling Ang II Levels |
Renin release |
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Decreased circulating volume stimulates renin release via what |
Decreased bp Decreased nacl at mucula densa decreased renal perfusion pressure |
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What is angiotensin II important actions |
Stimulation of aldosterone release from adrenal cortex, vasoconstriction of renal and other systemic vessels, enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback-makes macula densa more sensitive, enhance Na-H exchanger and na channel function to promote na reabsorption, renal hypertrophy, stimulates thirst and adh release |
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Whats the actions of aldosterone |
Stimulates na reabsorption and K excretion by renal tubule, exerts indirect negative feedback on RAAS by increasing ECV and lowering plasma K, reallly important in conserving na and water but also really good at preventing massive swings in K levels |
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Low effective circulating volume triggers what |
4 parallel effector pathways that act on the kidney Either changes in haemodynamics or changes Na transport by renal tubule cells |
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Cellular mechanisms for relaxation of smooth muscle |
Potassium channel activators Agonists, adenosine, beta agonists and prostaglandins PDE inhibitors |
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Cellular mechanisms for contraction of the smooth muscle |
Agonists, noradrenaline, histamine, angiotensin Calcium channel blockers |
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Pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular disease |
Diuretics, sympatholytics, act on renin angiotensin aldosterone system/axis (RAAS), calcium channel blockers, direct-acting vasodilators |
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What do sympatholytics do for the treatment of cardiovascular disrase |
Oppose the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system |
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What do all diuretics do |
Indirectly prevent the re-absorption of water in the kidneys most of them by preventing the reabsorption sodium |
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Whats the types of diuretics |
Loop diuretic Thiazides Potassium sparing diuretics |
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Example of a loop diuretic |
Furosemide supplemented with spironolactone or amiloride |
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Example of thiazide |
Bendroflumethiazide |
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Where do each diuretic act |
Furosemide on proximal convoluted tube and ascending limb of henles loop Thiazide- early distal convoluted tubule Potassium sparing on tubule and collecting duct |
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How to loop diuretics act |
By inhibiting na/k/2cl-co- transportedd Without diuretic potassium moves out sodium moves in and activation of sodium chloride channel |
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What do thiazide diuretics do |
Most commonly used diuretic inhibit the sodium chloride transported in the distal tubule Because this transported only reabsorbed 5% of filtered sodium so they are less efficacious that loop diuretics |
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What do potassium sparing diuretics do |
Distal tubule na channel inhibitor Aldosterone receptor antagonists |
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What are aldosterone antagonists |
Spironolactone, eplerenone, potassium- sparing diuretics |
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What do aldosterone antagonists do |
Competitively binding to the aldosterone receptor Promote na and h20 excretion in the collecting tubule and duct leaving the body (urine) |
