Parasitology Exam I

Front 1

shallow groove of semi-circular shape, posterior or anterior to the anus

Back 1

anal groove

Front 2

hardened (sclerotized) party of the integument of male hard ticks which protrudes from the surface when male is sexually active

Back 2

anal plate

Front 3

a louse belonging to the suborder anopluram known as the sucking lice

Back 3

anopluran

Front 4

situated toward the head of an animal

Back 4

anterior

Front 5

a remedy used to reduce the number of helminths in animals or humans -- similarly there are insecticides, acaricides, and antiprotozoal remedies

Back 5

antihelmintic

Front 6

a change in gene frequency of a helminth population, produced by drug selection which renders the minimal effective dosage, previously used to kill a defined portion of the population, no longer equally effective

Back 6

antihelmintic resistance

Front 7

opening of the digestive tract at the opposite end to the mouth, where excretion occurs

Back 7

anus

Front 8

a tick of the family Argasidae, known as soft ticks because they do not have large areas of hardened plates on the body, they are very tough though despite the name

Back 8

argasid

Front 9

an animal of the phylum arthropoda, characterized by a hardened exoskeleton, segmented body, and numberous paired limbs; includes insects, mites, ticks, spiders, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes, crustaceans and others

Back 9

arthropod

Front 10

an insect in the order hemiptera, in the family reduviidae, which may cause painful bites

Back 10

assassin bug

Front 11

a mite of the suborder of astigmata, such as scab mites

Back 11

astigmatid

Front 12

the anterior part of the body of mites and ticks from which the mouthparts project forward

Back 12

basis capituli

Front 13

the informal name for flies of the family calliphoridaem, order diptera; with larvae which usually feed on dead flesh but which may feed on live flesh causing myiasis

Back 13

blowfly

Front 14

the name used in informal and formal sense for insects of the order hemiptera such as tritomine (assassin and kissing) bugs and bed bugs

Back 14

bug

Front 15

a fly of the fmily calliphoridae in the order dipteral typically the blowflies

Back 15

calliphorid

Front 16

the anterior body part of mites and ticks including the mouthparts; also known as the gnathosoma

Back 16

capitulum

Front 17

a fly of the family ceratopogonidae, order diptera; typically a biting midge such as culicoides

Back 17

ceratopogonid

Front 18

tadpole like larvae that are the final and free swimming larval stages of trematodes

Back 18

cercariae

Front 19

tapeworms

Back 19

cestodes

Front 20

have lost all organs of locomotion but their secual organs are very well deceloped -- utilize 2 or 3 host to complete their life cycle -- each species is characterized by on of these larval stages (cysticercus, cysticercoid, hydatid cyst, coenurus, or strobilocercus)

Back 20

cestodes/tapeworms

Front 21

a paried organ which is the main piercing apparatus of the mouthparts of mites and ticks

Back 21

chelicera

Front 22

to grind food using the mandible of the mouthparts, as in the chewing lice

Back 22

chew

Front 23

ciliated pseudophyllidean oncosphere

Back 23

coracidium

Front 24

a mosquito belonging to the subfamily culicinae; includes most mosquitoes

Back 24

culicine

Front 25

a true fly of the order diptera

Back 25

dipteran

Front 26

the anterior body part of mites and ticks including the mouthparts; also known as the gnathosoma

Back 26

capitulum

Front 27

a fly of the family ceratopogonidae, order diptera; typically a biting midge such as culicoides

Back 27

ceratopogonid

Front 28

tadpole like larvae that are the final and free swimming larval stages of trematodes

Back 28

cercariae

Front 29

tapeworms

Back 29

cestodes

Front 30

have lost all organs of locomotion but their secual organs are very well deceloped -- utilize 2 or 3 host to complete their life cycle -- each species is characterized by on of these larval stages (cysticercus, cysticercoid, hydatid cyst, coenurus, or strobilocercus)

Back 30

cestodes/tapeworms

Front 31

a paried organ which is the main piercing apparatus of the mouthparts of mites and ticks

Back 31

chelicera

Front 32

to grind food using the mandible of the mouthparts, as in the chewing lice

Back 32

chew

Front 33

ciliated pseudophyllidean oncosphere

Back 33

coracidium

Front 34

a mosquito belonging to the subfamily culicinae; includes most mosquitoes

Back 34

culicine

Front 35

a true fly of the order diptera

Back 35

dipteran

Front 36

active during daylight

Back 36

diurnal

Front 37

the study of disease in population adn factors that determine its occurrence

Back 37

epidemiology

Front 38

redness of skin

Back 38

erythema

Front 39

an organism with a complex cell or cells in which genetic material is organized into a membrane bound nucles or nucles -- includes animals, plants, and fungi

Back 39

eukaryote

Front 40

usage of a medicinal drug outside the approved label -- lincensed veterinarians are permitted extra-label use of certain drugs having an established clinical application

Back 40

extralabel

Front 41

the ability to live under different conditions -- will usually be free-living but also be able to live as a parasite

Back 41

facultative

Front 42

evauluates and assesses antihelmintic resistance -- pre-treatment fecal egg counts are compared with post-treatment fecal egg counts 10-12 days post antihelmintic treatment

Back 42

fecal egg count reduction test

Front 43

FECRT

Back 43

fecal egg count reduction test

Front 44

rounded patterns or lobes in the outline of the posterior body wall of some genera of ticks

Back 44

festoon

Front 45

in lovestock, the disturbance caused by the presence and attempted feeding behavior or flies

Back 45

fly worry

Front 46

the sexual phase of reproduction in the protozoa

Back 46

gametogony/sporogony

Front 47

the opening in the body wall for the male or female reproductive apparatus

Back 47

genital pore

Front 48

the smallest main group (assemblade of species) in the texonomy of living organisms -- contains one or more species

Back 48

genus

Front 49

blancing organs of diptera that are essential in flight -- formed by the modification of the windwings

Back 49

halteres

Front 50

a tick in the fmily isodidae; scutum (shield) on dorsal surface

Back 50

hard tick

Front 51

nematode larval migration -- the ingested infective stages migrate to the liver, molts, and then migrates to the lungs -- larvae enter the alceoli, are coughed up, and swallowed -- the nemtodes in the intestinal tract develop to adults, populate, and the female lays eggs

Back 51

hepatic-tracheal migration

Front 52

the host which harbors the adults or sexual stage of the parasite

Back 52

definitive/final host

Front 53

the host in which a larval or immature stage of the helminth parasite decelps before becoming infective to the final or definitive host

Back 53

intermediate host

Front 54

the host in which larval stages of a helminth parasite do not develop further -- these larval stages may develop further if ingested by another hose

Back 54

paratenic/transport host

Front 55

the resting stages that the 4th stage (and 3rd) larvae of some nematodes undergo in the final host before commencing development to adult nematodes -- it enable parasites to survive adverse conditions while awaiting access to a new host -- this may be seasonal and is similar to diapause in insects

Back 55

hypobiosis

Front 56

the term used when endoparasites invade internal tissues of the hose

Back 56

infection

Front 57

the term used when ectoparasites attach to or occupy the hose

Back 57

infestation

Front 58

a stage in the life cycle of an arthropod when it has hatches from the egg; usually larva, nymph, pupa, or adult

Back 58

instar

Front 59

a tick in the family ixodidae, known as the hard ticks because they have a hardened scutum on the dorsal surface

Back 59

ixodid

Front 60

any pathological or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part

Back 60

lesion

Front 61

refers to all states of development of the parasite through its carious forms or stages

Back 61

life cycle/life history

Front 62

an example of an antihelmintic used to treat nematodes -- include ivermectin, selamectin, doramectin, and milbemycin

Back 62

macrolides/macrocyclic lactones

Front 63

roundworms

Back 63

nematodes

Front 64

cylindrical worms that are tapered at both ends -- they exhibit a wide range of shapes by are typically elongate and round in transcerse section

Back 64

nematodes/roundworms

Front 65

a piared organ associated with the mouthparts of arthropods, like a small limb comprising several segments and having sensory or handling functions

Back 65

palp

Front 66

an organism that lives on or in another organism at the expnse of the latter

Back 66

parasite

Front 67

a parasite which invades internal tissues of a host

Back 67

endoparasite

Front 68

a parasite which attaches to or occupies the hose

Back 68

ectoparasite

Front 69

a poison that is more toxic to parasites than their hosts -- the aim is to reduce the level of parasites to where it is unlikely to cause disease or production losses, which are exonomically unacceptable -- these include antihelmintics, insecticides, acaricides, and antiprotozoal remedies

Back 69

parasiticide

Front 70

situated toward the tail of an animal

Back 70

posterior

Front 71

the preferred site in or on the host characteristic for a parasite species

Back 71

predilection site

Front 72

the time taken for development from infection until the mature adult parasites are producing eggs, larvae, or other stages which perpetuate the life cycle

Back 72

prepatent period (ppp)

Front 73

unicellular, eukaryotic organisms which belond tot eh animal kingdom in that they obtain their energy by the intake of organic material

Back 73

protozoa

Front 74

a small beaklike part such as the hooked projection on the head of a tapeworm

Back 74

rostellum

Front 75

asexual preproduction in the subphylum sporozoa of the protozoa

Back 75

schizogony/merogony

Front 76

the sclerotized plate on the dorsal surface of ixodid ticks and some mites, often known as the dorsal shield -- large in males, smaller and anterior in position in females -- argasid ticks do not have one

Back 76

scutum

Front 77

a tick of the fmily argasidae -- do not have a scutum and are often able to survive harsher conditions than hard ticks

Back 77

soft ticks

Front 78

an intimate and obligatory association between 2 different species of organisms in which tehre is a mutual aid and benefit

Back 78

symbiosis

Front 79

concerning the identification, naming and grouping of livign organisms

Back 79

taxonomic

Front 80

flukes

Back 80

treamtodes

Front 81

require 2 hosts in their life cycle -- the secual stage in the definitive host is capable of limited movements in the host but 2 of the larva stages are able to move and search for a host

Back 81

trematodes/flukes

Front 82

an animal, often an arthropod which transmits a pathogenic organism from one hose in which disease may occur to another hose

Back 82

vector

Front 83

vector that transmits infective organisms directly and proptly to a recipient host without development or multiplication of the organisms having occured

Back 83

mechanical vector

Front 84

vector in which the infective organisms either udnergo development or multiply or do both before being transmitted to teh recipient hose

Back 84

biological vector

Front 85

disease and infections naturally transmitted between nonhuman vertebrates and humans

Back 85

zoonoses

Front 86

the first larval form of filarioid worms

Back 86

microfilaria

Front 87

infestation of flesh and other tissues of living vertebrate animals by the larvae of diptera, typically calliphorids and oestrids

Back 87

myiasis

Front 88

immature form of an arthropod

Back 88

nymph

Front 89

eggs are laid by the females and contain embryos in an early stage of development
ex: toxocara, ancylostoma

Back 89

oviparous

Front 90

refers to eggs laid by the females which contain a definite worm
ex: oslerus, aelurostrongylus

Back 90

ovoviviparous

Front 91

asexual reproduction in which females produce eggs that develop without fertilization
ex: strongyloides spp

Back 91

parthenogensis

Front 92

the 2nd parasitic larval stage of pseudophyllidean cestodes; aka spargana

Back 92

plerocercoid

Front 93

the mouthparts which are elongated into a piercing and sucking tube

Back 93

proboscis

Front 94

the 1st parasitic larval stage of pseudophyllidean cestodes

Back 94

procercoid

Front 95

severe itching, often of undamaged skin

Back 95

pruritus

Front 96

failure to grow or put on weight as well as expected in teh presence of adequate quantity and quality of feed and in the absence of overt clinical signs of illness

Back 96

unthrftiness

Front 97

vascuar reaction of the skin with slightly elevated patches (wheals)

Back 97

urticaria

Front 98

bearing living young

Back 98

viviparous