Brs Ota Board Exam 2015 -- Ch 10 -- Psychiatric And Cognitive Disorders

Front 1

What is flat affect?

Back 1

Flat affect is the lack of ANY affective signs of emotion.

Front 2

What are delusions?

Back 2

Delusions are false BELIEFS about external reality without an appropriate stimulus actually being there. i.e. I believe I'm being followed, when there actually is no evidence of anyone following.

Front 3

What are compulsions?

Back 3

Compulsions are a need to act on specific impulses to relieve anxiety that comes from having the impulses.

Front 4

What are obsessions?

Back 4

Obsessions constitute a persistent thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated by logical thought.

Front 5

What is "poverty of speech"?

Back 5

Poverty of speech is limited in amount and content. It other words, not talking talking too much, not saying too much.

Front 6

What are hallucinations?

Back 6

Hallucinations are false SENSORY PERCEPTIONS that are not in response to an actual external stimulus.

Front 7

What can OTAs do to help obtain an accurate GAF diagnostic code for those with psychiatric conditions?

Back 7

To help determine an accurate psychiatric diagnostic code, OTAs can provide valuable information to the clinical team about a client's occupational and social functioning.

Front 8

Name the different psychotic disorders.

Back 8

The psychotic disorders are as follows:

1. Schizophrenia.

2. Schizo-phreniform disorder.

3. Schizo-affective disorder.

4. Delusional disorder.

5. Brief psychotic disorder.

Front 9

When working with those with psychotic disorders, we need to communicate simply, clearly, and concretely because of what?

Back 9

We need to communicate simply, clearly, and concretely because of the presence of disordered thinking.

Front 10

In a major depressive episode, what areas of occupation can be affected?

Back 10

All areas of occupation can be affected due to hopelessness, lack of energy, and slow thought processing.

Front 11

Name the three main categories that fall under the heading of Cognitive Disorders.

Back 11

The three main categories that fall under the heading of Cognitive Disorders are:

1. Delirium.

2. Dementia. and

3. Amnesic disorders

Front 12

What is delirium?

Back 12

Delirium is a feeling of extreme uncontrolled excitement, or a feeling of confusion and paranoia. It covers a short period of time. It is a result of fever, drugs or alcohol, dementia, dehydration, and many more.

Front 13

What is dementia?

Back 13

Dementia is a general term for loss of memory and other mental abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life. It is caused by physical changes in the brain.

Front 14

Name the types of dementia. Start with the first and second most common forms of dementia, respectively.

Back 14

The types of dementia are:

1. Alzheimer's (60 to 80% of all dementia).

2. Vascular dementia, (about 10%).

3. Dementia with Lewy bodies.

4. Mixed dementia.

5. Parkinson's Disease.

6. Frontotemporal dementia.

7. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

8. Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

9. Huntington's Disease.

10. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.

Front 15

Define amnesic disorders.

Back 15

Amnesic disorders indicate difficulty with memory only. (Dementia, for example, is difficulty with memory plus multiple cognitive deficits.) Amnesic disorders are sufficient, however, to cause functional difficulty.

Front 16

What are some examples of amnesic disorders? List the first and second most common first.

Back 16

Some examples of amnesic disorders include:

1. Alcoholic blackouts.

2. Traumatic brain injury.

3. Multiple sclerosis.

4. Cerebrovascular accident.

5. Other good sh-it.

Front 17

What is anorexia nervosa?

Back 17

Anorexia nervosa is an abnormal fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. Anorexics are unusually underweight. There is a distorted self-image, a persistent unwillingness to eat, and severe weight loss. It's often accompanied by self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, malnutrition, amenorrhea, and other physiological changes

Front 18

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Back 18

The root meaning of Bulimia is "extreme hunger". Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by binge eating to quell this extreme hunger. Bulimics are usually of normal weight. They engage in compensatory strategies to deal with binge eating and maintain their weight, like purging, excessive exercise, diuretics, laxatives, enemas, etc.

Front 19

What is Binge-eating Disorder?

Back 19

Binge-eating Disorder has a person binge eating, but not purging. As a result, they gain a lot of weight and suffer from other health concerns as well. One example is diabetes.

Front 20

Name the disruptive behavior disorders and tell which one is "worse".

Back 20

The disruptive behavior disorders are Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. Conduct Disorder is worse.

Front 21

What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder and how prevalent is it, allegedly?

Back 21

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is estimated to describe about 10% of males and females across a lifetime. It is characterized by defiant behaviors that result in functional impairment, like that impair their ability to successfully participate in school or work. These people tend toward being negative and hostile.

Front 22

What is Conduct Disorder?

Back 22

Those with conduct disorder are aggressive toward people and animals. They are destructive of property. They lie, steal, and seriously violate rules. They do this, in part, because they have a disregard for the rights of others.

Front 23

Autism: What are the three main diagnostic categories for autism?

Back 23

The three main categories for autism are:

1. Impaired social interaction and in most cases impaired cognitive abilities.

2. Difficulty with communication.

3. Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and movements

Front 24

Name some more specific characteristics of those affected by autism that can be used to diagnose.

Back 24

1. Difficulty relating to others.

2. Poor eye contact.

3. Difficulty adjusting to changes in routine.

4. Lack of spontaneous pretend, imitative or exploratory play.

5. Decreased ability to infer feelings.

6. Echolalia, scripting, indiscernable language.

7. Ritualistic, limited preoccupation of interest.

8. Repetitive motor action.

Front 25

What might Asperger's disease also be referred to as, even though it is seen by many as a separate diagnosis?

Back 25

Aspergers may also be referred to as or confused with High Functioning Autism.

Front 26

What distinguishes Aspergers from other autism on the spectrum?

Back 26

Aspergers shares most traits of the spectrum, but differentiates itself by.

1. IQs fall in normal or even superior range.

2. Cognitive development is normal.

3. Have adequate language skills.

To many, they seem just like other children but not quite: children with A.S. are socially awkward in a way not easily understood.

Front 27

What is Rett's Syndrome?

Back 27

Rett's Syndrome is a rare form of autism that affects almost exclusively girls. After 6 months to 2 years of normal development, they regress to being unable to speak or control their hands. They become hypotonic. Although they may live into adulthood, they will require 24 hour care. If a boy gets Rett's, they die shortly after birth.

Front 28

Regarding R.A.D., or Reactive Attachment Disorder, who are at high risk for this and describe the types of R.A.D.?

Back 28

1. There is a high risk for Reactive Attachment Disorder for those in foster care & orphanages & for those with frequently changing caregivers.

2. There are two types. The Inhibited Type, who is inhibited and fearful in social situation. And the Disinhibited Type, who is indiscriminate and can be excessively familiar with and unselective about strangers.

Front 29

What are the sub-types of ADHD?

Back 29

The sub-types of ADHD are.

1. Predominantly inattentive type.

2. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.

3. Combined type.

Front 30

When is the diagnosis of ADHD most frequently made?

Back 30

ADHD is most frequently diagnosed is in grade school when behavior interferes with adjustment to school.

Front 31

What is the new name that replaces mentally retarded?

Back 31

The phrase "mentally retarded" has been replaced by intellectually disabled.