Disruptive Behavior Disorders are among the easiest to identify in children among all other coexisting conditions. Disruptive Behavior Disorders, DBDs, are a group of disorders–Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder– characterized by behaviors that are disruptive to the social environment and ranges from fairly annoying behaviors to the violation of rules and the infliction of harm on others (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a deemed as a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 91). Conduct Disorder (CD) is a repetitive a persistent pattern
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78). ADHD, like the other Disruptive Behavior Disorders, is most common in males with a male to female ration of 4% to 9%, with an estimated of 3% to 5% in school-aged children. As stated by the American Psychiatric Association (1994), ADHD, which is uniquely supplementary with impulsivity, is clinically heterogeneous, particularly with respect to comorbidity and often predicts risky driving, sexual behavior, gambling, and unintentional injury. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is conjoint in children with both Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is frequently comorbid with DBDs, ODD and CD. ADHD youth with comorbid ODD had the greatest level of risk taking but were most sensitive to negative punishment and show altered responses to rewards and punishments. (Kathryn & Steve, 2011, p. 299). Although ODD and CD are not comorbid with each other, they both show high rates of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, especially ADHD, and are associated with considerable impairment of functioning in adulthood with examples being health and economic problem, substance abuse, and delinquency (Görtz-Dorten et al., 2014, p.
78). ADHD, like the other Disruptive Behavior Disorders, is most common in males with a male to female ration of 4% to 9%, with an estimated of 3% to 5% in school-aged children. As stated by the American Psychiatric Association (1994), ADHD, which is uniquely supplementary with impulsivity, is clinically heterogeneous, particularly with respect to comorbidity and often predicts risky driving, sexual behavior, gambling, and unintentional injury. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is conjoint in children with both Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is frequently comorbid with DBDs, ODD and CD. ADHD youth with comorbid ODD had the greatest level of risk taking but were most sensitive to negative punishment and show altered responses to rewards and punishments. (Kathryn & Steve, 2011, p. 299). Although ODD and CD are not comorbid with each other, they both show high rates of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, especially ADHD, and are associated with considerable impairment of functioning in adulthood with examples being health and economic problem, substance abuse, and delinquency (Görtz-Dorten et al., 2014, p.