Brs Ota Board Exam 2015 -- Ch 6 -- Musculoskeletal Disorders

Front 1

What is heterotrophic ossification? What is the hint to help remember this?

Back 1

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Heterotrophic ossification is the formation of bone in strange places.

Hint: hetero- means "different".

Front 2

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 2

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a systematic (i.e. methodical) and progressive condition.

Rheumatoid arthritis flows to many joints, especially the HANDS.

Front 3

What does the root word -rheum (r.h.e.u.m.) mean? This makes up the word rheumatoid.

Back 3

"rheum" (r.h.e.u.m.) itself is a Greek word that means "flow." The word was first ascribed to the disease of rheumatism because of the way it seemed to spread — or flow — within a patient's body.

Front 4

Rheumatoid arthritis: There are 3 deformites common to rheumatoid arthritis. Describe the one that is not Boutonniere Deformity or Swan Neck Deformity

Back 4

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Ulnar deviation or ulnar drift and subluxation of wrists and MCP joints.

Front 5

Rheumatoid arthritis: Describe Boutonniere's Deformity.

Back 5

[Image] It is P.I.P. flexion & D.I.P. hyper-extension.

[HINT: Fingers positioned to adjust boutonniere flower, or to hold pin to pin it on.]

Front 6

Rheumatoid arthritis: Describe Swan Neck Deformity.

Back 6

[Image]

Swan Neck Deformity is hyper-extention of the PIP, flexion of the DIP.

Front 7

What is osteo-arthritis?

Back 7

[Image]

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease resulting from WEAR & TEAR.

Commonly affects large, weight bearing joints.

Front 8

Joints of the hand: Name the abbreviations and full names for them.

Back 8

[Image]

1. D.I.P. is distal inter-phalangeal joint.

2. P.I.P. is proximal inter-phalangeal joint.

3. M.C.P. is meta-carpo-phalangeal joint.

Front 9

Name the bones of the hand.

Back 9

[Image]

1. Phalanges. Including distal, intermediate, and proximal.

2. Meta-carpals.

3. Carpals or carpal bones.

Front 10

Amputation. Wrapping of residual limbs.

What is the proper way to wrap a residual limb and why?

Back 10

A limb should be wrapped diagonally. This keeps the limb from having circulation cut off.

Front 11

Amputation. Wrapping of residual limbs.

Why is it done and when should a limb have wrapping on it?

Back 11

Wrapping a residual limb keeps it from swelling and fits it for prosthesis.

A limb should be wrapped at all times.

Front 12

Amputation. Describe the nomenclature for the levels of amputation.

Back 12

1. Forequarter, which is the loss of clavicle, scapula, & entire upper extremity.

2. Disarticulation, which is the separation of 2 bones at the joint (like the wrist, elbow, hip, knee)

3. Trans, like trans-femoral, trans-humeral, trans-radial, and trans-tibial.

4. Finger amputation

Front 13

Amputation. What does treatment for the residual limb consist of? (One thing.)

Back 13

Treatment of the residual limb consists of desensitization as well as other really cool stuff.

Front 14

What is R.L.P. stand for?

Back 14

R.L.P. stands for residual limb pain.

Front 15

What is residual limb pain (R.L.P.)?

Back 15

R.L.P., or residual limb pain, is the pain that originates in the remaining part of your limb. (This is not Phantom limb pain.)

Front 16

What is phantom limb pain?

Back 16

Phantom limb pain is a sensation of pain perceived to originate from a body part that, in reality, is not there.

Front 17

What's another name for Total Hip Replacement?

Back 17

Another name for "Total Hip Replacement" is "Total Hip Arthroplasty".

Front 18

What are the types of "Total Hip Arthroplasty"?

Back 18

There are two types of "Total Hip Arthroplasty", as follows:

1. Total Hip Implant. Here they replace both the acetabulum and the femoral head.

2. The Austin Moore, or Partial Hip Replacement. Here they replace only the femoral head.

Front 19

What are the total hip precautions for a Total Hip Replacement?

Back 19

The total hip precautions for a Total Hip Arthroplasty are:

1. No flexing beyond 90 degrees.

2. No adducting or crossing legs.

3. No rotating hips, meaning don't point your toes inward or outward.

ALSO: 4. No pivoting at the hips.

5. Sit only on a raised chair and toilet seat.

6. Transfer sit to stand by keeping the operated hip in slight abduction and extended out front.

Front 20

C.O.P.D. What does it stand for?

Back 20

C.O.P.D. stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Front 21

What is C.O.P.D. and what is it caused by?

Back 21

C.O.P.D. is a lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. It is caused by damage to the lungs over many years, usually from smoking.

Front 22

C.O.P.D. is usually a mix of what 2 diseases and describe those diseases?

Back 22

C.O.P.D. is usually a mix of chronic bronchitis and emphasema.

1. Chronic bronchitis is the airways that carry air to the lungs get inflamed and make a lot of mucus. This can narrow or block the airways, making it hard to breathe.

2. Emphasema is when the air sacs in the lung are damaged and lose their stretch. Less air gets in and out and makes you feel short of breath.

Front 23

What is the etiology of hip fractures?

Back 23

The etiology of hip fractures includes the following:

1. Trauma to the hip.

2. Osteoporosis.

3. Pathological fractures, for example from cancer.

4. More.

Front 24

What are the types of hip fractures?

Back 24

[IMAGE.] The types of hip fracture are.

1. Femoral neck fracture.

2. Inter-trochantric fracture.

3. Sub-trochantric fracture.

Front 25

What is the medical management of hip fractures and define all the parts of your answer?

Back 25

Hip fractures are medically managed in 3 ways:

1. Closed reduction. This is for minimally displaced fractures & is done without surgery.

2. O.R.I.F. Open reduction internal fixation. Open means surgery, reduction means returning the bone to its proper place, internal fixation means the bone is fixated to something internal.

3. Joint replacement.

Front 26

Hip fracture. What are the precautions?

Back 26

The precautions for hip fracture are determined by the surgeon. This includes the weight bearing status, amount of ROM, and when to begin OT.

Front 27

Edema. How is it best treated?

Back 27

Edema is best treated with elevation and A.R.O.M.

Front 28

Tell me about shingles and what does it look like?

Back 28

Shingles, or Herpes Zoster, is characterized by vesicular eruption. It looks fairly like psoriasis. It can last 10 days to 5 weeks. Pain may persist for months.

Front 29

What is phantom limb pain?

Back 29

Phantom limb pain is pain experienced in a body part that is no longer there.

Phantom limb sensation is far more common.

Front 30

What is referred pain?

Back 30

Referred pain is pain that is perceived in part of the body when the source of the pain is in another part of the body.

Front 31

What are C.T.D., or cumulative trauma disorders, and name 3 examples of them?

Back 31

Cumulative trauma disorders are are a group of repetitive strain injuries. 3 examples are:

1. DeQuervains.

2. Epicondylitis, either lateral or medial.

3. Trigger finger.

Front 32

What is deQuervain's disease?

Back 32

Image. . A painful inflammation of tendons in the thumb that extend to the wrist. Swollen tendons & coverings rub against their narrow tunnel. The result is pain at the base of thumb, extending into lower arm. HINT: the quer wrist.

Front 33

What is the technical term for tennis elbow and what is it?

Back 33

Tennis elbow is lateral epicondylitis. This is an irritation through overuse of the wrist extensors.

Front 34

What is the technical term for golfer's elbow?

Back 34

Golfer's elbow is medial epicondylitis. This is over use of the wrist flexors.

Front 35

What is trigger finger?

Back 35

IMAGE.

HINT. is obvious.

Trigger finger is tenosynovitis of the finger flexors, especially the first. It's caused by repetition.

Front 36

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 36

Image. Carpal tunnel syndrome is pain, tingling, and numbness in the hand (but not the pinky) that is a result of pressure on the median nerve.

Front 37

Name the nerves of the hand and what areas they are associated with.

Back 37

Image. The names of the nerves of the hand are median, ulnar, and radial nerves.

Please look at image for areas.

Front 38

Burns. What are the names of the different kinds of burns?

Back 38

To replace the old terms of 1st, 2nd, & 3rd degree burns, the terms are now superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness. Partial thickness was divided into 2, as follows:

1. Super-ficial burn.

2. Super-ficial partial thickness burn.

3. Deep partial thickness burn.

4. Full thickness burn.

Front 39

What is a superficial burn?

Back 39

A superficial burn used to be called 1st degree burn. It's the equivalent of a light burn with a curling iron. It involves only the superficial aspect of the skin organ, which is the epidermis.

There is minimal pain and edema, and there are no blisters. They heal in 3 to 7 days.

Front 40

Yo slappy, what is a partial thickness burn?

Back 40

A partial thickness burn is a 2nd degree burn. They are burns that extend down to the second layer of skin. into the dermis. (So they effect the epidermis and the dermis.) There are 2 kinds of partial thickness burns. superficial and deep.

Front 41

What is a superficial partial thickness burn?

Back 41

A superficial partial thickness burn is a more superficial 2nd degree burn. Its a burn that affects the superficial level of the second layer of skin, the dermis. It's red, blistering, and wet. It heals in 7 to 21 days. This would be a sunburn.

Front 42

What is a deep partial thickness burn?

Back 42

A deep partial thickness burn is a deep 2nd degree burn. It affects deep into the dermis and affects hair follicles and sweat glands. They are red, white, and elastic. They take 3 to 7 weeks to heal.

Front 43

What is a full thickness burn?

Back 43

A full thickness burn is a 3rd degree burn. In addition to the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles and sweat glands, this burn type effects nerve endings. They appear white, waxy, and leathery. There is no pain and skin grafts are required. Healing can take months.

Front 44

What is a 4th degree burn?

Back 44

A 4th degree burn involves fat, muscle, and bone. There is destruction of nerves along the pathway. Rule of nines is a method of assessing burn wound size.

Front 45

What is the rule of nines and what are its components?

Back 45

The rule of nines has the following measurements:

The head and arms are 9% each.

The torso is 36%.

The legs are each 18%.

The pubic area i s1%

Front 46

When a hand is burned and requires splinting, describe the position of the hand. (This doesn't include splinting for a burn on the volar, or palmer, surface of the hand, which is different.)

Back 46

1. the wrist in 20 to 30 degree extension.

2. MCP joints in 50 to 70 degree flexion.

3. IP joints in full extension.

4. Thumb abducted and extended

Front 47

Describe the position of a splinted hand that was burned on the volar side.

Back 47

The volar side is the palmer side. (Picture a Volare car in palm of hand with guy singing that song.)

1. Wrist in 0 to 30 degrees extension.

2. MCP joints in neutral and abducted.

3. IP joints in full extension.

4. Thumb abducted and extended.d