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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Substance that causes manifestations of allergy
Allergen
Inappropriate and often harmful immune system response to substances that are normally harmless.
allergy
Clinical response to an immediate immunologic reaction between a specific antigen and antibody.
anaphylaxis
conditioning characterized by urticaria and diffuse swelling of the deeper layers of the skin.
angioneurotic edema
protein substance developed by the body in response to and interacting with a specific antigen
antibody
substance that induces the production of antibodies
antigen
medication that opposes the action of histamine
antihistamine
type I hypersensitivity involving inflammation of the skin evidenced by itching, redness, and a variety of skin lesions.
atopic dermatitis
term often used to describe immunoglobulin E mediated disease (ex. atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis) with a genetic component.
atopy
cells that are important inproducing circulating antibodies
B lymphocytes
a substance that stimulates nerve fibers and causes pain
bradykinin
eosinophil
granular leukocyte
diffuse redness of the skin
erythema
incomplete antigen
hapten
substance in the body that causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle
histamine
abnormal heightened reaction to a stimulus of any kind
hypersensitivity
a family of closely related proteins capable of acting as antibodies
immunoglobulins
a group of chemical mediators that initiate the inflammatory response
Leukotrienes
connective tissue cells that contain heparin and histamine in their granules
mast cells
unsaturated fatty acids that have a wide assortment of biologic activity
prostaglandins
inflammation of the nasal mucosa
rhinitis
chemical mediator that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor
serotonin
cells that can cause graft rejection kill foreign cells or suppress production of antibodies
T lymphocytes
hives
urticaria
The body's first line of defense against potential invaders is the

a. GI tract

b. Respiratory tract

c. skin

d. combination of all of the above.
d
An example of an incomplete protein antigen that triggers and allergic response is?

a. animal dander

b. horse serum

c. medications

d. pollen
c
The classification of immunoglobulin (Ig) that occupies certain receptors on mast cells and produces an inflammatory response is?

a. IgA

b. IgD

c. IgE

d. IgG
c
Histamine acts on major organs by?

a. contracting bronchial smooth muscle

b. dilating small venules

c. increasing gastric secretions

d. stimulation all of the above mechanisms
d
A popular medication that has an affinity for H1 receptors is?

a. benadryl

b. prilosec

c. tagamet

d. zantac
a
A chemical mediator of hypersensitivity that is released during platelet aggregation and causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction is?

a. bradykinin

b. histamine

c. prostaglandin

d. serotonin
d
Hypersensitivity reactions follow reexposure and are classified by type of reaction. An anaphylactic reaction is usually identified as type?

a. I

b. II

c. III

d. IV
a
A type II hypersensitivity reaction occurs when a normal constituent is viewed as foreign by the body. An example of a type II reaction is?

a. bacterial endocarditis

b. Rh hemolytic disease (newborn)

c. lupus erythematosus

d. rheumatoid arthritis
b
Delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) is said to have occurred when the inflammatory response to an allergen peaks within:

a. 4 to 8 hrs

b. 24 to 72hrs

c. 4 to 6 days

d. 1 to 2 weeks
b
The nurse monitors the patients eosinophil level. She suspects a definite allergic disorder with an eosinophil value of what percentage of the total leukocyte count?

a. 1% to 3 %

b. 3% to 4%

c. 5% to 10%

d. 1 to 2 weeks
b
Atopic disorders that result from an allergic response to an allergen include?

a. allergic rhinitis

b. atopic dermatitis

c. bronchial asthma

d. all of the above
d
Pruritus and nasal congestion may be indicators of an impending anaphylactic reaction. These symptoms usually occur with in how may hours after exposure?

a. 2hrs

b. 6hrs

c. 12hrs

d. 24hrs
a
When a patient is experiencing an allergic response the nurse should initially assess the patient for?

a. dyspnea

b. hypotension and tachycardia

c. the presence and location of pruritus

d. the severity of cutaneous warmth and flushing.
a
Allergic rhinitis is induced by?

a. airborne pollens or molds

b. ingested foods

c. parenteral medications

d. topical creams or ointments.
a
Patients who are sensitive to ragweed should be advised that weed pollen begins to appear in?

a. early spring

b. early fall

c. summer

d. midwinter
b
A major side effect of antihistamines that requires accurate patient education is?

a. dryness of the mouth

b. anorexia

c. palpitations

d. sedation.
d
An area of nursing concern when administering a sympathomimetic drug is the drugs ability to?

a. cause bronchodilation

b. constrict integumentary smooth muscle.

c. dilate the muscular vasculature

d. do all of the above
d
Injected allergens are sued for hyposensitization and may produce systemic reactions that can be harmful. The medication that should be on hand in case of an adverse reaction is?

a. dramamine

b. epiephrine

c. phenergan hydrochloride

d. pyribenzamine
b
A type of contact dermatitis that requires the combination of sun exposure and chemical is?

a. allergic dermatitis

b. irritant dermatitis

c. photoallergic dermatitis

d. phototoxic dermatitis
c
The most serious manifestation of hereditary angioedema is?

a. abdominal pain

b. conjunctivitis

c. laryngeal edema

d. urticaria
c
One of the most severe food allergies is caused by?

a. chocolate

b. milk

c. peanuts

d. shrimp
c
Antibodies the most effective defense mechanisms in the body react with antigens in three ways to prepare them for removal from the blood by phagocytes: ____________, ___________, and ___________.
Neutralizing toxic antigens; precipitating the antigens out of solution; coating the surface of the antigens.