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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approved the first antiretrovial drug for AIDS 6 years after the first case was reported in?
a. 1978 b. 1982 c. 1987 d. 1991 |
c
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After infection with HIV, the immune system responds by making antibodies against the virus, usually within how may weeks after infection?
a. 1 to 2 weeks b. 3 to 6 weeks c. 3 to 12weeks d. 6 to 18 weeks |
c
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Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) medications should be started within _________ after exposure, but no longer than ________ to offer any benefit, and must be taken for __________.
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1 hr, 72hrs, 4wks
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Up to 85% of individuals infected with HIV will develop symptoms of AIDS within how many years after infection?
a. 3 to 5 yrs b. 6 to 7 yrs c. 8 to 10 yrs d. 12 to 15 yrs |
c
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Abnormal laboratory findings seen with AIDS include?
a. decreased CD4 and T cell count b. p24 antigen c. Positive EIA test d. all of the above |
c
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A widely used laboratory test that measures HIV RNA levels and tracks the body's response to HIV infection is the?
a. CD4/CD8 ratio b. EIA test c. viral load test d. Western blot. |
c
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An example of an antiretroviral agent classified as a fusion inhibitor that must be injected subcutaneously twice a day is?
a. Agenerase b. Combivir c. Fuzeon (T20) d. Retrovir |
c
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A nurse knows that all of the following antiretroviral agants can be taken without regard to food intake except for?
a. Hivid b. Epivir c. Sustiva d. Videx |
c
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One of the most frequently systemic side effects of the anti HIV drugs is?
a. osteoporosis b. hyuperglycemia c. lipodystrophy snydrome d. pancreatitis |
c
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A nurse would know that all of the following conditions are classified as HIV category B except?
a. candidiasis b. herpes zoster c. Kaposi sarcoma d. Listeriosis |
c
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The most common infection in persons with AIDS (80% occurrence) is?
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Pneumocystis pneumonia
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The most debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS patients is?
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chronic diarrhea
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A diagnosis of "wasting syndrome" can be initially made when involuntary weight loss exceeds what percentage of body weight?
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10%
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The minimum number of daily calories recommended for a 70kg individual with AIDS related "wasting syndrome" is?
a. 1500 cal b. 2000 cal c. 2800 cal d. 4000 cal |
c
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The minimum number of daily protein calories for a 70kg individual with AIDS related "wasting syndrome" is?
a. 20 calories b. 35 calories c. 45 calories d. 60 calories |
b
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The most common malignancy seen in HIV infections is?
a. carcinoma of the skin b. Kaposi's sarcoma c. pancreatic cancer d. stomach cancer |
b
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Long term adherence to HIV treatment regimens remains at about?
a. 10% compliance b. 15 to 25% compliance c. 30 to 50% compliance d. greater than 75% compliance |
c
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As of 2008 approximately ________ million people are living with HIV/AIDS.
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33%
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The percentage of women afflicted with HIV/AIDS is?
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50%
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The most heavily afflicted country with HIV/AIDS is?
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Sub Sahara Africa
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The two major means of HIV transmissions are?
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1. Unprotected sex
2. Sharing of needles |
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List the five types of body fluids that can transmit HIV.
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1. blood
2. seminal fluid 3. vaginal secretions 4. amniotic fluid 5. breast milk |
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True or false?
HIV belongs to a group of viruses known as retroviruses that carry their genetic material in the from of RNA rather than DNA |
true
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The standard new HIV testing method now used when information about HIV status is needed immediately (ER, labor, and delivery) is __________-
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Ora quick test
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Drug resistance can be defined as?
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The ability of pathogens to withstand the effects of medications that are intended to produce toxicity.
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A fungal infection present in nearly all patients with AIDS is?
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candidasis
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A recommended chemotheraputic agent from Kaposis sarcoma is?
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Alfa interferon
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The second most common malignancy in people with AIDS is?
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B cell Lymphoma
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Protein substance that the body produces in response to infection
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Alpha interferon
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Common malignancy in patients with HIV/AIDS
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B cell lymphoma
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Yeast infection of the skin or mucous membrane
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candidiasis
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____________ along with the CD4+ receptor, this cell surface molecule is used by HIV to fuse with the hosts cell membranes.
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CCR5
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a species specific herpes virus that may cause retinitis in people with AIDS.
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cytomegalovirus
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a blood test that can determine the presence of antibodies to HIV in the blood or saliva; also referred to as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive results must be validated, usually with Western blot test.
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EIA (enzyme immunoassay)
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Retrovirus isolated and recognized as the etiologic agent of AIDS.
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HIV - 1
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Retrovirus identified in 1986 in aids patients in West Africa.
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HIV - 2
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Degenerative neurological condition characterized by a group of clinical presentations including loss of coordination, mood swings, loss of inhibitions, and wide spread cognitive dysfunctions; formerly referred to as AIDS dementia complex (ADC).
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HIV encephalopathy
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Viruse that causes arious warts, including plantar and genital warts; some strains of HPV can also cause cervical cancer.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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a syndrome that results from rapid restoration of pathogen specific immune responses to opportunistic infections; most often occurs after starting antiretroviral therapy.
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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
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malignancy that involves the epithelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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the integrated HIV provirus within the CD4 + T cell during the resting memory state; does not express viral proteins and is invisible to teh immune system and antiviral medications.
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latent reservoir
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Large immune cell that devours invading pathogens and other intruders; can harbor large quantities of HIV without being killed, acting as a reservoir of the virus.
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macrophage
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large white blood cell that ingests microbes or other cells and foreign particles.
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monocyte
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true or false?
When a monocyte enters tissues, it develops into a macrophage. |
true
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opportunistic infection caused by mycobacterial organisms that commonly causes a respiratory illness but can also infect other body system.
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mycobacterium avuim complex.
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illness caused by various organisms, some of which usually do not cause disease in people with normal immune systems.
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opportunistic infection
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blood test that measures viral core protein; accuracy of test is limited because the antibody binds with the antigen and makes it undetectable.
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p24 antigen
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disorder characterized by sensory loss pain, muscle weakness, and wasting of the muscles in the hands or legs and feet.
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peripheral neuropathy
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common opportunistic lung infection caused by an organism believed to be a fungus based on its structure.
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Pneumocystis pneumonia or pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
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a sensitive laboratory technique that can detect the quantify HIV in a persons blood or lymph nodes.
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polymerase chain reaction
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4 to 7 week period of rapid viral replication immediately following infection; aka acute HIV infection
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primary infection
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opportunistic infection that infects brain tissue and causes damage to the brain and spinal cord.
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progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
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medication that inhibits the function of protease, an enzyme needed for HIV replication.
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protease inhibitor
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viral genetic material the form of DNA that has been integrated into the host genome. When it is dormant in human cells HIV is in a proviral form.
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provirus
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a virus that carries genetic material in RNA instead of DNA and contains reverse transcriptase.
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retrovirus
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enzyme that transforms single strand RNA into a double stranded DNA.
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reverse transcriptase
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measures the quantity of HIV RNA in the blood initial burst of viremia and the immune response that follows
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viral set point
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involuntary weight loss of 10% of baseline body weight with chronic diarrhea or chronic weakness and documented fever
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wasting syndrome
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a blood test that identifies antibodies to HIV and is used to confirm the results of an EIA (ELISA) test.
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Western blot assay
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time from infection with HIV until serocconversion detected on HIV antibody test.
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window period
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