Nasm Essentials Of Personal Fitness Training : Ch 6 : Fitness Assessment

Front 1

The 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans just attention to the growing problem of

Back 1

Physical inactivity among adults, & the little progress that has been made to reverse the trend.

Front 2

As little as 2.5 hours a week of Moderate aerobic physical activity can substantially reduce

Back 2

Chances for chronic diseases, leading to significant health benefits.

Front 3

What is one of the most important goals of the 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans? What percentage of US adults engage in regular leisure time physical activity

Back 3

Small doses of regular physical activity can help prevent, treat, & cure more than 40 of the most common chronic health conditions.

Front 4

What percentage of US adults engage in regular leisure time physical activity?

Back 4

30%

Hint 4

(3x/week of vigorous 20+ min workouts or 5x/week of light-to-moderate 30+ min workouts)

Front 5

A comprehensive fitness assessment

Back 5

A series of measurements that help to determine the current health/fitness level of clients.

Front 6

Health & fitness assessments are not designed to

Back 6

Diagnose medical/health conditions.

Front 7

Instead health & fitness assessments are designed to

Back 7

Serve as a way of observing/documenting a clients individual structural & functional status.

Front 8

Health & fitness professionals do not

Back 8

Diagnose medical conditions

Prescribe treatment or diets

Provide treatment of any kind for injury/disease

Provide rehabilitation services for clients.

Provide counseling services for clients

Hint 8

There are 5

Front 9

A comprehensive fitness assessment provides a variety of

Back 9

Subjective & objective information, a pre-participation health screening, resting physiological measurements (HR, BP, ht, & wt) , & hey series of measurements to help determine their fitness level.

Front 10

Fitness assessment subjective information

Back 10

General & medical history :

Lifestyle, occupation, medical & personal info

Front 11

Fitness assessment objective information

Back 11

Physiological assess

Body composition testing

Cardiorespiratory assess

Static & dynamic posture assess

Performance assess

Hint 11

There are 5

Front 12

Subjective information is gathered from a prospective client to give

Back 12

the health & fitness professional feedback regarding personal history.

Front 13

A pre-participation health screening includes a

Back 13

Medical history questionnaire (PAR-Q), a review of their chronic disease risk factors, & presence of any signs/symptoms of disease.

Front 14

What are the 3 classifications after a pre-participation health screening has taking place?

Back 14

Low risk

Moderate risk

High risk

Front 15

Those who are considered low risk after the Pre-participation health screening

Back 15

Don’t have any signs/symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease & have = 1 cardiovascular disease risk factor.

Front 16

Those who are considered moderate risk after the Pre-participation health screening

Back 16

Don’t have any signs/symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease but have >/= 2 cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Front 17

Those who are considered high risk after the Pre-participation health screening

Back 17

Have 1 or more signs/symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease.

Front 18

After the pre-participation health screening information has been collected/reviewed/stratified

Back 18

Personal trainers can now to proceed with fitness testing/refer the client for further medical evaluation.

Front 19

Physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q)

Back 19

Determines the safety/possible risk of exercising for a client based on answers to specific health questions.

Hint 19

Usually for individuals who require further medical evaluation (high risk) before they’re allowed to exercise.

Front 20

Answering yes to one or more questions on the PAR-Q, The personal trainers should

Back 20

Refer them to a physician for further medical screening before starting an exercise program.

Front 21

PAR-Q sample question

Back 21

In the past month, have you had chest pain when you were not performing any physical activity?

Front 22

A health history is a collection of information that is generally part of a medical physical/ medical health history, including

Back 22

Biographic, demographic, occupational, general lifestyle (physical, mental, emotional, sociocultural, sexual, spiritual)

Front 23

Occupation

General

Back 23

Occupation

General

Front 24

A client’s occupation information helps personal trainer determine

Back 24

Common movement patterns & typical energy expenditure levels during the course of an average day.

Front 25

Once occupational information is collected trainers can begin to recognize important clues about the client’s

Back 25

Muscular skeletal structure/function, potential health/physical limitations, & restrictions that could affect safety & efficacy of the program.

Front 26

Examples of occupation questions : Does your occupation require/causeSitting for long periods of time can lead to...

Back 26

Extended periods of sitting?

Extended periods of repetitive movements?

Shoes with heels?

You anxiety (mental stress)?

Front 27

Sitting for long periods of time can lead to

Back 27

Tight hip flexors (rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas)

Postural and balances in the HMS

Front 28

Sitting for long periods of time over a computer leads to

Back 28

Shoulders and head to fatigue leading to postural imbalances.

Hint 28

Rounded shoulders

Forward head

Front 29

Low energy expenditure and potentially poor cardiorespiratory conditioning can be assumed when individuals

Back 29

Sit for prolonged periods of time.

Front 30

Repetitive movement is a

Back 30

Persistent motion that can cause musculoskeletal injury & dysfunction.

Front 31

What can create a pattern overload to muscles & Working with arms overhead for long periods may lead tojoints, which may lead to tissue trauma & eventually kinetic chain dysfunction?

Back 31

Repetitive movements

Front 32

Working with the arms OH For long periods may lead to

Back 32

Shoulder and neck soreness.

This may be the result of : tightness in the latissimus dorsi & weakness in the rotator cuff.

Front 33

Working OH does not allow for

Back 33

Proper shoulder motion/stabilization during activity

Front 34

Wearing dress shoes with a puts the ankle complex in a

Back 34

A plantarflexed position for extended periods.

Front 35

Wearing heels for an extended time can cause tightness in the

Back 35

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Achilles tendon

Front 36

Wearing heels can cause posture imbalances such as

Back 36

Decreased dorsiflexion

Overpronation at the foot and ankle complex

Hint 36

This can result in flattening the arch of the foot.

Front 37

Mental stress or anxiety can cause elevated

Back 37

Resting heart rate

Blood pressure

Ventilation at rest & exercise

Front 38

Mental stress can lead to abnormal or dysfunctional

Back 38

Breathing patterns.

Front 39

These abnormal breathing patterns caused by mental stress may cause

Back 39

postural or muscular skeletal muscle imbalances in the neck, shoulder, chest, and low back muscles.

Hint 39

May lead to postural distortion & HMS dysfunction.

Front 40

Lifestyle or personal questions pertains to a clients general lifestyle activities & habits such as...

Back 40

Drinking, smoking, exercise, & sleeping habits as well as recreational activities & hobbies.

Front 41

Sample questions : client’s lifestyle

Back 41

Do you partake in any recreational activities (golf, tennis, skiing)?

Do you have any hobbies (reading, gardening, working on cars)?

Front 42

Recreation refers to a client’s

Back 42

Physical activities outside of the work environment (leisure time).

Front 43

Many clients like to golf, ski, play tennis, or perform a variety of other sporting activities in their spare time, proper exercise training must be

Back 43

Incorporated to ensure that clients are trained in a matter that optimizes the efficiency of the HMS, without predisposing it to injury.

Front 44

Hobbies refer to

Back 44

Activities that a client might enjoy participating in on a regular basis.

Hint 44

Gardening, working on cars, playing cards, reading, watching television, playing video games.

Front 45

Medical history is important because it

Back 45

Provides us with info about known/suspected chronic diseases, past/current injuries, health status, or surgeries.

Hint 45

Coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes.

Front 46

All past or recent injuries should be recorded and discussed in sufficient enough detail to be able to

Back 46

Make decisions about whether exercise is recommended or a medical referral is necessary.

Front 47

Previous history of musculoskeletal injury is also a strong predictor of

Back 47

Future musculoskeletal injury during physical activity.

Front 48

Surgery will cause pain and inflammation that can alterMore than 75% of the American adult population is estimated tonight

Back 48

Neural control to the affected muscles/joints if not rehabilitated properly.

Front 49

More than 75% of the American adult population is estimated to not engage in

Back 49

At least 30 minutes of low-to-moderate physical activity on most days of the week.

Front 50

Chronic diseases include :

Back 50

CVD

Coronary heart/artery disease

Congestive heart failure

Hypertension (high BP)

High cholesterol/other blood lipid disorders

Stroke/peripheral artery disease

Lungs/breathing problems

Obesity

Diabetes mellitus

Cancer

Front 51

Many seeking fitness exercise training advise from personal trainers will currently be under the care of

Back 51

A physician/medical professional & maybe taking one or more prescribed medications.

Front 52

What is a PDR?

Back 52

Physician’s desk reference

Front 53

Beta blockers (B-blockers)

Back 53

Anti-hypertensive (high BP), prescribed for arrhythmias (irregular HR).

Front 54

Calcium-channel blockers

Back 54

Prescribed for hypertension & angina (chest pain)

Front 55

Ankle sprains have been shown to decrease the

Back 55

Neural control to the gluteus medius/maximus muscles, leading support control of the lower extremities during functional activities.

Front 56

Knee injuries can cause a decrease in the number control to the muscles that

Back 56

Stabilize the patella and lead to further injury.

Front 57

Noncontact Knee injuries Are often the resultIf the ankle hip begins to function properly, this results in of

Back 57

Ankle/hip dysfunctions, such as the result of an ankle sprain.

Front 58

If the ankle/hip begins to function improperly, this results in

Back 58

Altered movement & force distribution of the knee.

Front 59

Low back injuries can cause decreased neural control to stabilizing muscles of the

Back 59

Core, resulting in poor stabilization of the spine, leading to dysfunction in the upper/lower extremities.

Front 60

Shoulder injuries cause altered neural control of the

Back 60

Rotator cuff muscles, leading to instability of the shoulder joint during functional activities.

Front 61

Entries that result from HMS and balances include repetitive

Back 61

Hamstring strain & groin strain, patella tendinitis (jumpers knee), plantar fasciitis (pain in heel/bottom of foot), posterior Tibialis tendinitis (shin splints), biceps tendinitis (shoulder pain), & headaches.

Hint 61

There are 7

Front 62

Beta blockers (B-blockers)

Back 62

Anti-hypertensive (high BP), prescribed for arrhythmias (irregular HR).

Hint 62

Decreased HR

Decreased BP

Front 63

Calcium-channel blockers

Back 63

Prescribed for hypertension & angina (chest pain)

Hint 63

Increased/no change/decreased HR

Decreased BP

Front 64

Nitrates

Back 64

Hypertension, congestive heart failure.

Hint 64

Increased/no change HR

Increased/no change BP

Front 65

Dieuretics

Back 65

Hypertension, congestive heart failure, & peripheral edema.

Hint 65

No change in HR

Decreased/no change in BP

Front 66

Broncodilators

Back 66

Corrects/prevents bronchial smooth muscle constriction in individuals with asthma & other pulmonary diseases.

Hint 66

No change in HR

No change in BP

Front 67

Vasodilators

Back 67

Hypertension & congestive heart failure.

Hint 67

Increase/no change/decrease in HR

Decrease in BP

Front 68

Antidepressants

Back 68

Various psychiatric & emotional disorders.

Hint 68

Increase/no change in HR

Decrease/no change in BP

Front 69

Objective information collected during a fitness assessment includes

Back 69

Resting exercise physiological measurement (BP & heart rate), resting Anthrometric measurements (ht, et, BFP, circumference measurements), in specific measures of fitness (muscular durance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory).

Front 70

Objective information collected un the fitness assessment can be used to

Back 70

Compare beginning baseline measures of fitness with measurements taken weeks, months, or even years later.

Front 71

Categories of objective information include

Back 71

Physiological measurements

Buddy comp assess

Cardiorespiratory assess

Static posture assess

Movement assess (dynamic posture)

Performance assess

Hint 71

There are 6

Front 72

When checking the radial pulse consider

Back 72

Being gentle

Taking it when calm

Take all three test at the same time for accuracy

Front 73

To find the I’m checking the carotid pulse considercarotid pulse

Back 73

Look on the neck just to the side of the larynx.

Front 74

When checking the carotid pulse considerThe typical resting heart rate is between

Back 74

Being gentle

Excessive pressure can decrease HR/BPleading to an accurate reading, possible dizziness, & fainting.

Taken when calm

Front 75

The typical resting heart rate is between

Back 75

70-80 beats/min

70 bpm for males

75 bpm for females

Front 76

Resting heart rate can be used to calculate

Back 76

Target heart rate (THR) zones in which a client should perform cardio respiratory exercise.

Front 77

What are the 2 most common ways to calculate THR?

Back 77

Use a percentage of estimated maximal heart rate (straight percentage method)

Use a percentage of heart rate reserve (Karvonen method)

Front 78

Straight percentage method (peak maximal heart rate) Is found by

Back 78

220-Age = HR max

HR max X appropriate intensity (65-95%) at which the client should work while performing cardio respiratory exercise to calculate THR.

Front 79

There are how many training zones for THR?

Back 79

3

Front 80

Resting HR and VP is a sensitive indicator of the client’s

Back 80

Overall cardio respiratory health & fitness status.

Front 81

Initial assess/reassess of a client’s HR & BP helps to gather valuable information that helps in the

Back 81

Design, monitoring, & progression of the clients exercise program.

Front 82

Resting HR is a fairly good indicator of overall cardiorespiratory fitness, where as exercise HR is a strong indicator of

Back 82

How a client’s cardiorespiratory system is responding/adapting to exercise.

Front 83

A pulse is created by

Back 83

Blood moving/pulsating through arteries each time the heart contracts.

Front 84

Heart rate

Back 84

Heart rate

Front 85

The two most common sites to record a pulse are the

Back 85

Radial (wrist) & carotid (neck) arteries.

Hint 85

Use the carotid with caution

Front 86

The best time to record an accurate resting heart rate is

Back 86

Rising in the morning.

Front 87

The radio pulse can be found

Back 87

Along the right side of the arm in the line just above the thumb.

Front 88

When the pulse is felt count it for

Back 88

60 seconds

Hint 88

Record the 60 second pulse rate average over the course of 3 days

Front 89

Target heart rate training zone 1 builds

Back 89

Aerobic base & aids in recovery.

HR max X .65

HR max X .75

Front 90

Target heart rate training zone 2 increases

Back 90

Aerobic & anaerobic endurance.

HR max X .76

HR max X .85

Front 91

Target heart rate training zone 3 builds

Back 91

High end work capacity

HR max .86

HR max .95

Front 92

Exercise intensity levels may need to be lower than

Back 92

66% depending on the clients initial physical condition. (40-55%)

Front 93

Heart rate reserve (HRR) method (Karvonen method) Establishes The most common and university accepted method of establishing exercise training intensity is

Back 93

Training intensity on the basis of the difference between the clients predicted HR max & they’re resting heart rate.

Front 94

The most common and university accepted method of establishing exercise training intensity is

Back 94

Selecting a predetermined training/THR based on a given percentage of oxygen consumption.

Front 95

Blood pressure

Back 95

The pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels after the blood is ejected from the heart.

Front 96

There are two parts to a blood pressure measurement what are they?

Back 96

Systolic (the top number)

diastolic (the bottom number)

Front 97

Systolic represents the pressure within

Back 97

The arterial system after the heart contracts.

Front 98

Diastolic represents the pressure within

Back 98

The pressure within the arterial system of the heart is resting & filling with blood.

Front 99

According to the American Heart Association (AHA) an acceptable systolic blood pressure measurement for health is

Back 99

= 120 mm Hg of mercury (Hg)

Front 100

An acceptable diastolic blood pressure is

Back 100

= 80mm Hg

Front 101

Fat free mass can be defined as

Back 101

Body weight except stored fat, this includes muscles, bones, water, connective/organ tissues, teeth.

Front 102

Fat mass includes

Back 102

Both essential fat (crucial for normal body functioning) & non-essential fat (storage fat/adipose tissue).

Front 103

Benefits of body composition assessment include

Back 103

Identifying clients health risk for excessive high/low levels of body fat.

Promotes clients understanding.

monitoring changes in body comp itself/associated with chronic disease.

Helps estimate health bodyweight.

Assists in exercise program design.

Use as a motivational tool.

Assess his effectiveness of nutrition/exercise choices.

Hint 103

There are 7

Front 104

Body fat typically ranges from ___ to ___ for men?

Back 104

10-20%

Front 105

Body fat typically ranges from ___ to ___ for women?

Back 105

20-30%

Front 106

Body fat recommendations for men and women are

Back 106

15% men

25% women

Front 107

Skinfold measurements

Back 107

Uses a caliper to estimate the amount of subcutaneous fat beneath the skin.

Front 108

Percent fat recommendations for men and women pictured

Back 108

Back (Definition)

Front 109

Blood pressure is measured using an

Back 109

Aneroid sphygmomanometer, and inflatable cuff, a pressure dial, a bulb with a valve, & a stethoscope.

Front 110

When recording blood pressure instruct the client to

Back 110

Get in a comfortable see the position placing the appropriate size cuff on the clients arm just above the elbow.

Front 111

Have the client rest the alarm on

Back 111

A supported chair/own arm, placing the stethoscope over the brachial artery using minimal pressure.

Front 112

Rapidly inflate the cuff to

Back 112

20-30 mm Hg above the point at which the pulse can no longer be felt at the wrist.

Front 113

Release the pressure of the sphygmomanometer at a rate of about

Back 113

2 mm Hg/sec listening for a pulse

Front 114

To determine the systolic pressure listen for

Back 114

The first observation of the pulse.

Front 115

Diastolic pressure is determined when

Back 115

The pulse fades away.

Front 116

For greater reliability on the blood pressure assessment

Back 116

Repeat the procedure on the opposite arm.

Front 117

The relative percentage of body weight.

Fat vs fat free tissue = Percent body fat

Back 117

The relative percentage of body weight.

Fat vs fat free tissue = Percent body fat

Front 118

An acceptable diastolic blood pressure is

Back 118

= 80mm Hg

Front 119

Fat free mass can be defined as

Back 119

Body weight except stored fat, this includes muscles, bones, water, connective/organ tissues, teeth.

Front 120

Fat mass includes

Back 120

Both essential fat (crucial for normal body functioning) & non-essential fat (storage fat/adipose tissue).

Front 121

Benefits of body composition assessment include

Back 121

Identifying clients health risk for excessive high/low levels of body fat.

Promotes clients understanding.

monitoring changes in body comp itself/associated with chronic disease.

Helps estimate health bodyweight.

Assists in exercise program design.

Use as a motivational tool.

Assess his effectiveness of nutrition/exercise choices.

Hint 121

There are 7

Front 122

Body fat typically ranges from ___ to ___ for men?

Back 122

10-20%

Front 123

Body fat typically ranges from ___ to ___ for women?

Back 123

20-30%

Front 124

Body fat recommendations for men and women are

Back 124

15% men

25% women

Front 125

Skinfold measurements

Back 125

Uses a caliper to estimate the amount of subcutaneous fat beneath the skin.

Front 126

Percent fat recommendations for men and women pictured

Back 126

Back (Definition)

Front 127

Blood pressure is measured using an

Back 127

Aneroid sphygmomanometer, and inflatable cuff, a pressure dial, a bulb with a valve, & a stethoscope.

Front 128

When recording blood pressure instruct the client to

Back 128

Get in a comfortable see the position placing the appropriate size cuff on the clients arm just above the elbow.

Front 129

Have the client rest the alarm on

Back 129

A supported chair/own arm, placing the stethoscope over the brachial artery using minimal pressure.

Front 130

Rapidly inflate the cuff to

Back 130

20-30 mm Hg above the point at which the pulse can no longer be felt at the wrist.

Front 131

Release the pressure of the sphygmomanometer at a rate of about

Back 131

2 mm Hg/sec listening for a pulse

Front 132

To determine the systolic pressure listen for

Back 132

The first observation of the pulse.

Front 133

Diastolic pressure is determined when

Back 133

The pulse fades away.

Front 134

For greater reliability on the blood pressure assessment

Back 134

Repeat the procedure on the opposite arm.

Front 135

Percent fat recommendations for men and women pictured

Back 135

Back (Definition)

Front 136

Percent fat recommendations for active men & women

Back 136

Back (Definition)

Front 137

Bioelectrical impedance

Back 137

Uses a portable instrument to conduct an electrical current through the body to estimate fat.

Front 138

Bioelectric impedance is based on

Back 138

Hypothesis that tissues that are high in water content conduct electrical currents with less resistance than those with Little water (adipose tissue).

Front 139

Underwater weighing (Hydrostatic weighing) is the

Back 139

Most common technique used for body comp.

Front 140

Bone, muscle, connective tissue (lean mass) do what during hydrostatic weighing

Back 140

Sink.

Front 141

Body fat does what during hydrostatic weighing?

Back 141

Float.

Front 142

Bone, muscle, connective tissue (lean mass) do what during hydrostatic weighing?

Back 142

Sink.

Front 143

A person with a larger percentage of lean body mass will weigh

Back 143

More in the water, ultimately having a lower body fat percentage.

Front 144

Formula on how to calculate ones fat mass & lean body mass :

Back 144

Body fat % X scale wt = fat mass

Scale wt - fat mass = lean mass

Front 145

Calculate the fat mass in lean body mass of a 40-year-old woman weighing 130 lbs

Back 145

Fat Mass :

.28 (bf%) X 130 (swt) =

36lbs of BF

Lean Body Mass :

130(swt) - 36(lbs of wt) =

94lbs of LBM

Front 146

A circumference measurement is a measure of the

Back 146

Girth of body segments (arm, thigh, waist, & hip)

Front 147

Circumference methods are affected by both

Back 147

Fat & muscle, therefore I do not provide accurate estimates of fatness.

Front 148

Some of the uses & benefits of circumference measurements include :

Back 148

Can be used on obese clients.

Good for comparisons/progressions.

Good for assessing fat pattern & distribution.

Inexpensive.

Little technician error.

Easy to record.

used for waist concert conference.

Used for waist to hip ratio (WHR).

Front 149

The most important factor to consider when taking circumference measurements is

Back 149

Consistency, make sure that the tape is taut & level around the area being measured.

Front 150

A person with more body fat will have a

Back 150

Lighter body of water & higher percentage of body fat.

Front 151

Skinfolds (SKF) tests has the assumption that the amount of fat present in the subcutaneous regions of the body is

Back 151

Proportional to overall body fitness.

Front 152

Recommendations for assessing body copies in skin folds is :In a SM uses the

Back 152

Train with those skilled in SKF & frequently compare results.

Take a minimum of 2 measurements at each site, each site must be within 1-2 mm to take average at each site.

Open jaw of caliper before removing from site.

Be meticulous when locating anatomic landmarks.

Don’t measure SKF immediately after exercise.

Instruct clients ahead of time regarding test protocol.

Avoid performing SKFs on extremely obese clients.

Front 153

In a SM uses the Durnin (Durnin-Womersley) formula To calculate a client’s

Back 153

Percentage of body fat.

Front 154

Durban formula’s 4 sites of skinfold measurements are as follows :

Back 154

Biceps

Triceps

Subscapular

Iliac crest

Front 155

Durnin bicep measurement is

Back 155

A vertical fold on the front of the arm over the biceps muscle, halfway between the shoulder and the elbow.

Front 156

A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held really at the side. Taken halfway between the shoulder right now though.

Back 156

A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held really at the side. Taken halfway between the shoulder right now though.

Front 157

Durnin subscapular measurement is

Back 157

A 45° angle fold of 1-2 cm, below the inferior angle of the scapula.

Front 158

Durnin iliac crest measurement is

Back 158

A 45° angle fold, taken just above the iliac crest & medial to the axillary line.

Front 159

A person with a larger percentage of lean body mass will weigh

Back 159

More in the water, ultimately having a lower body fat percentage.

Front 160

Formula on how to calculate ones fat mass & lean body mass :

Back 160

Body fat % X scale wt = fat mass

Scale wt - fat mass = lean mass

Front 161

Calculate the fat mass in lean body mass of a 40-year-old woman weighing 130 lbs

Back 161

Fat Mass :

.28 (bf%) X 130 (swt) =

36lbs of BF

Lean Body Mass :

130(swt) - 36(lbs of wt) =

94lbs of LBM

Front 162

A circumference measurement is a measure of the

Back 162

Girth of body segments (arm, thigh, waist, & hip)

Front 163

Circumference methods are affected by both

Back 163

Fat & muscle, therefore I do not provide accurate estimates of fatness.

Front 164

Some of the uses & benefits of circumference measurements include :

Back 164

Can be used on obese clients.

Good for comparisons/progressions.

Good for assessing fat pattern & distribution.

Inexpensive.

Little technician error.

Easy to record.

used for waist concert conference.

Used for waist to hip ratio (WHR).

Front 165

Durnin bicep measurement is

Back 165

A vertical fold on the front of the arm over the biceps muscle, halfway between the shoulder and the elbow.

Front 166

A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held really at the side. Taken halfway between the shoulder right now though.

Back 166

A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held really at the side. Taken halfway between the shoulder right now though.

Front 167

Durnin subscapular measurement is

Back 167

A 45° angle fold of 1-2 cm, below the inferior angle of the scapula.

Front 168

Durnin iliac crest measurement is

Back 168

A 45° angle fold, taken just above the iliac crest & medial to the axillary line.

Front 169

In a SM uses the Durnin (Durnin-Womersley) formula To calculate a client’s

Back 169

Percentage of body fat.

Front 170

Durban formula’s 4 sites of skinfold measurements are as follows :

Back 170

Biceps

Triceps

Subscapular

Iliac crest

Front 171

Durnin bicep measurement is

Back 171

A vertical fold on the front of the arm over the biceps muscle, halfway between the shoulder and the elbow.

Front 172

A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held really at the side. Taken halfway between the shoulder right now though.

Back 172

A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held really at the side. Taken halfway between the shoulder right now though.

Front 173

Durnin subscapular measurement is

Back 173

A 45° angle fold of 1-2 cm, below the inferior angle of the scapula.

Front 174

Durnin iliac crest measurement is

Back 174

A 45° angle fold, taken just above the iliac crest & medial to the axillary line.

Front 175

Across the Adam’s apple.

Back 175

Across the Adam’s apple.

Front 176

Chest circumference measurement

Back 176

Across the nipple line.

Front 177

Waist circumference measurement

Back 177

The narrowest point of the waist, below the rib cage & just above the top of the hip bones. If there is no apparent narrowing of the waste, measure at the naval.

Front 178

Hips circumference measurement

Back 178

Feet together, measure circumference at the widest portion of the buttocks.

Front 179

Thigh circumference measurement

Back 179

Measure 10 inches above the top of the patella for standardization.

Front 180

Calf circumference measurement

Back 180

The maximal circumference between the ankle and the knee, measure the calves.

Front 181

Bicep circumference measurement

Back 181

At the maximal circumference of the biceps, measure with arm extended, palm facing forward.

Front 182

Risk for disease increases with a BMI of

Back 182

25 or more.

Front 183

Individuals who are underweight are also

Back 183

At risk for premature death or illness.

Front 184

Most to use clinical application of girth measurements.

Back 184

Most to use clinical application of girth measurements.

Front 185

The waist to hip ratio assessment is important becauseThe waist to hip ratio can be computed by dividing the

Back 185

There is correlation between chronic diseases & fat stored in the midsection.

Front 186

The waist to hip ratio can be computed by dividing the

Back 186

Waist measurement by the hip measurement.

Front 187

What are the 3 steps to compute the waist measurement?

Back 187

1. Measure the smallest part of the clients waist, without instructing the clients draw in the stomach.

2. Measure the largest part of the clients hips.

3. Compute the waist to hip ratio by : waist/hip

Front 188

If a clients waist measures 30in & hips Measure 40in what is the waist to hip ratio?

Back 188

30/40=.75

Front 189

Body mass index (BMI) is a roof assessment based on the concept that

Back 189

A persons weight should be proportional to their height.

Front 190

An elevated BMI is linked to

Back 190

Increased risk of disease, especially if associated with a larger waist circumference.

Front 191

What are the two ways to calculate BMI?

Back 191

1.

BMI = Wt (kg)/Ht (m^2)

2.

BMI = [Wt (lbs)/Ht (in^2)] X 703

Front 192

The lowest risk for disease lies within a BMI range of

Back 192

22-24.9

Front 193

Body mass index classification chart

Back 193

Back (Definition)