Nasm Essentials Of Personal Fitness Training : Ch 2

Front 1

The skeletal system pictured:

Back 1

Back (Definition)

Hint 1

Front 2

The human movement system

Back 2

Combination & interrelation of the nervous, muscular, & skeletal systems

Front 3

Nervous system

Back 3

A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the body.

Front 4

What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

Back 4

The Central nervous system

The Peripheral nervous system

Front 5

The central nervous system (CNS)

Back 5

Is composed of the brain & spinal cord.

Front 6

The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Back 6

Contains only nerves & connects the brain & spinal cord (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Front 7

What are the 3 primary functions of the nervous system?

Back 7

Sensory

Integrative

Motor

Front 8

Sensory function

Back 8

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal/external environment.

Hint 8

A stretch placed on a muscle (internal)

Change from walking on the sidewalk to walking on sand (external)

Front 9

Integrative function

Back 9

The ability of the nervous system to analyze & interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response.

Front 10

Motor function

Back 10

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information.

Hint 10

Causing a muscle to contract when stretched too far.

Changing walking pattern when walking on the sand vs. sidewalk.

Front 11

What is the nervous system responsible for?

Back 11

Recruitment of muscles

Learned patterns of movement

Functioning of every organ in the body

Hint 11

There are 3

Front 12

Proprioception

Back 12

The cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position & limb movement.

Hint 12

When walking/running the feedback we get about the surface/terrain we’re on.

Front 13

Training the body’s proprioceptive abilities will improve

Back 13

Balance

Coordination

Posture

And enable the body to adapt to its surroundings without cautiously thinking about what movement is appropriate

Front 14

The functional unit of the nervous system is known as the

Back 14

Neuron

Front 15

What do neurons do?

Back 15

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit & coordinate signals (electrically & chemically), providing a communication network within the human body.

Front 16

Neurons form the core of the nervous system, what does this include?

Back 16

Brain

Spinal cord

Peripheral ganglia

Hint 16

There are 3

Front 17

Neurons are composed of 3 main parts, what are they?

Back 17

The cell body (Soma)

Axon

Dendrites

Front 18

The cell body (soma) of a neuron contains a nucleus and other organelles including

Back 18

Lysosomes

Mitochondria

Golgi complex

Hint 18

There are 3

Front 19

The Axon is a cylindrical rejection from the cell body that

Back 19

Transmits nervous impulses to other neurons or effector sites (muscles, organs) providing communication from the brain & spinal cord to other parts of the body.

Front 20

Dendrites

Back 20

Gather information from other structures & transmit it back into the neuron

Front 21

The PNS consists of how many cranial nerves, pairs of spinal nerves & sensory receptors?

Back 21

12 cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Sensory receptors

Front 22

Spinal nerves

Back 22

Branch out from the brain & spinal cord

Front 23

Sensory afferent neurons respond to

Back 23

Touch

Sound

Light

Heat

Taste

Motion

Front 24

What are the 2 further subdivisions of the PNS?

Back 24

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Front 25

The somatic nervous system

Back 25

Consists of nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle, they are largely responsible for the voluntary control movement.

Front 26

The autonomic nervous system

Back 26

Supplies neural input to the involuntary systems of the body (heart, digestive systems, endocrine glands).

Front 27

The autonomic system is further divided into what systems?

Back 27

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Front 28

Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system’s serve to

Back 28

Increased levels of activation in preparation for activity (sympathetic)/serve to decrease levels of activation during rest and recovery (parasympathetic)

Front 29

The CNS pictured

Back 29

Back (Definition)

Front 30

The neuron pictured

Back 30

Back (Definition)

Front 31

What are the 3 main functional classifications of neurons that are determined by the direction of their nerve impulses?

Back 31

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Interneurons

Motor (efferent) neurons

Front 32

Sensory afferent neurons

Back 32

Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (muscles, organs) via receptors to the brain & spinal cord.

Front 33

Sensory afferent neurons respond to

Back 33

Touch

Sound

Light

And other stimuli

Front 34

Interneurons

Back 34

Transmit nerve impulses from 1 neuron to another.

Front 35

Motor efferent neurons

Back 35

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain & spinal cord to effector sites (muscles, glands).

Front 36

When a person touches a hot object the 3 neurons work together, what happens?

Back 36

This sensory afferent neurons send a signal from the hands of the brain telling the brain that the object is hot.

This signal makes us way to the brain by traveling from one neuron to another via interneuron.

Signal makes it to the brain sending the appropriate signals to the muscle of the hand and arm via motor neurons to pull away.

Front 37

The CNS

Back 37

The brain and spinal cord portion of the NS.

Hint 37

It’s primary function is to coordinate the activity of all parts of the body.

Front 38

The CNS pictured

Back 38

Back (Definition)

Front 39

The neuron pictured

Back 39

Back (Definition)

Front 40

What are the 4 categories of receptors?

Back 40

Mechanoreceptors

Nociceptors

Chemoreceptors

Photo receptors

Front 41

Mechanoreceptors are

Back 41

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues. Mechanical/outside forces (touch, pressure, stretching, sound waves, motion).

Front 42

Nociceptors respond to

Back 42

Pain

Front 43

ChemoreceptorsRespond to

Back 43

Chemical interaction (smell, taste)

Front 44

Photo receptors respond to

Back 44

Light (vision)

Front 45

Mechanoreceptors are

Back 45

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion (pressure) in body tissues.

Front 46

Mechanoreceptors are located in the muscles tendons ligaments in joint capsules & include

Back 46

Muscle spindles

Gogi tendon organs

Joint receptors

Front 47

The PNS system pictured

Back 47

Back (Definition)

Front 48

The nervous system structure pictured muscle spindles

Back 48

Back (Definition)

Front 49

Joint receptors

Back 49

Receptors surrounding a joint that responsive pressure, acceleration, & deceleration of the joint.

Front 50

Do you want receptors act to signal

Back 50

Extreme joint positions, helping to prevent injury.

Front 51

The PNS system pictured

Back 51

Back (Definition)

Front 52

The nervous system structure pictured

Back 52

Back (Definition)

Front 53

Muscle spindles

Back 53

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle & the rate of that change.

Front 54

When specific muscle is stretched the spindles within that

Back 54

Are also stretched, conveying information about its lengths to the CNS via sensory neurons.

Front 55

Once the information from muscle spindles reaches the brain it can then.

Back 55

Determine the position of various body parts.

Front 56

What can help regulate the contraction of muscles via stretch reflex mechanism?

Back 56

Muscle spindles

Front 57

What is the stretch reflex?

Back 57

It is a normal response by the body to a stretch stimulus in the muscle.

Front 58

Stretched muscle spindles send impulses to the

Back 58

Spinal cord immediately, and a response to contract the muscle is received within 1-2 milliseconds.

Front 59

The rapid neural response is designed as a

Back 59

Protective mechanism to prevent overstretching & potential muscle damage.

Front 60

Joint receptors

Back 60

Receptors surrounding a joint that responsive pressure, acceleration, & deceleration of the joint.

Hint 60

Ruffini endings

Pacinian Corpuscles

Front 61

What are the 3 main functional classifications of neurons that are determined by the direction of their nerve process?

Back 61

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Interneurons

Motor (efferent) neurons

Front 62

How does the CNS receive sensory input & initiate responses?

Back 62

With the nerves of the PNS.

Front 63

What are the two main functions of the peripheral nerves?

Back 63

Provide a connection for the nervous system to activate different effector sites, muscles (motor function).

Relay information from the effector sites back to the brain via sensory receptors, providing constant updates on the relation between the body & the environment.

Front 64

Mechanoreceptors transmit impulses through

Back 64

sensory nerves enabling us to detect the position far muscles bones joints proprioception.

Front 65

Where are Mechanoreceptors located?

Back 65

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules.

include muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, and joint receptors.

Front 66

Golgi tendon organs

Back 66

Receptor sensitive to change in the tension of the muscle & the rate of that change.

Front 67

Where is the golgi tendon organ located?

Back 67

The point where the skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of the skeletal muscle.

Front 68

When the Golgi tendon organ is activated what happens?

Back 68

The muscle relaxers, preventing the muscle from excessive stress/possibility of injury.

Front 69

Where are joint receptors located?

Back 69

In & around the joint capsule.

Front 70

Giant receptors signal

Back 70

Extreme joint positions, to help prevent injury.

To initiate a reflexive inhibitory response in the surrounding muscles if there’s too much stress on the joint.