Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ocular lens |
10x |
|
Magnification |
Ocular lens X objective lens |
|
What do you do before putting immersion lens in place? |
Place a drop of immersion oil onto the specimen on the slide |
|
Shape of bacteria |
Bacillus, coccus, coccobacillus |
|
Endospore bacteria |
Bacillus, clostridium, sporosarcina |
|
Purpose of acid fast stain |
To differentiate between bacteria containing waxy mycolic acid in their cell wall such as Mycobacterium and Nocardia |
|
What is the bacterial cell wall composed of |
Peptidoglycan which is abundant in gram-positive cells but limited in gram-negative cell which is mostly lipid do to outer membrane |
|
Dyes of simple stain |
Crystal Violet, methylene blue, safranin, malachite green |
|
What must be done before heat fixing? |
Slide must air dry |
|
Bacterial capsules are composed |
Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides |
|
Why are agar plates inoculated upside down? |
To prevent any condensation that might form and drip onto the agar surface, resulting in the movement of organisms between colonies |
|
Examples of Bunsen burner uses |
To hit fix slides and to sterilize test tube lips, needles and loops |
|
Phenotypes of fungus |
Color, size, shape, and appearance between species |
|
Differentiate between hyphae and mycelium |
Hyphae are the filamentous bodies which make up the mycelium whereas mycelium is a mass of hyphae |
|
Why are Loops flame before and after inoculation |
To sterilize them of any contaminants and bacteria that is on its surface |
|
What is a colony |
A large number of bacterial cells on a solid medium normally originated from one parent cell |
|
Purpose of heat fixing |
Kills bacteria in the smear, firmly and adheres the smear to slide, and allows the sample to more readily take up stains |
|
Problems with heat fixing |
Overheating can damage and dehydrate the cells causing them to distort and shape and also the slide can crack or shatter |
|
Function of a mordant |
To hold down molecules of a stain onto a microorganism |
|
Mycobacteria |
Causes tuberculosis and leprosy |
|
Virulence of of mycobacteria |
Linked to its mode of transmission. Tuberculosis is spread through the air, which can be easily inhaled and leprosy through the contact with infected person |
|
Differentiation of stains |
Stains that allowed one to see the differences between bacterial cells. Gram stain, acid fast stain, endospore stains are all differentiation stains |
|
Structure of flagella |
Basal body, hook, filament |
|
Filament (flagella) |
Outer most region |
|
Hook ( flagella) |
Attaches to the filament |
|
Basal body (flagella) |
Consists of rods and pairs of rings, adheres flagella to the cell wall and membrane |
|
How does flagella generate motility |
Flagella rotate counter-clockwise to propel the cell forward and clockwise to Tumble and change direction |
|
True motility |
Movement in all directions |
|
Brownian motility |
Vibrational movement |
|
Water current motility |
Movement in the same direction (looks like a sweeping motion) |
|
Endospore |
Metabolically inactive structure within certain genus of bacteria that function to protect the genetic information during harsh conditions; resistant to chemical, heat destruction and destruction by radiation |
|
Mycoplasm |
Causes walking disease, lack cell wall, sterols in plasma membrane, resistant to many common antibiotics |
|
Gram Stain |
1. Make smear, air dry, and heat fix 2. Crystal violet for 20 seconds 3. H2O wash 4. Iodine for 1 minute 5. Decolorize with 95% alcohol for 10 seconds 6. H2O wash 7. Counterstain with safranin for 1 minute 8. H2O wash and blot dry |
|
Acid fast stain |
1. Make a smear, air-dry, heat fix 2. Place paper towel over slide and saturated with carbol fuchsin. 3. Place slide over breaker with boiling water for 5 - 10 minutes. Do not allow slide to dry out 4. Cool and rinse with H2O 5. Decolorize with acid alcohol for 1 minute 6. Counter stained with methylene blue for 1 minute 7. H2O wash and blot-dry |
|
Spore Stain |
1. Creates smear, air-dry, heat fix 2. Place paper towel over smear and saturated with malachite green 3. Steam over Beaker with boiling water for 5 to 10 minutes without allowing paper towel to dry out. 4. H2O rinse 5. Counterstain with safranin for 1 minute 6. H2O rent and blot dry |
|
Staphylococcus aureus |
Gram positive, cocci bracteria |
|
Mycobacterium smegmatis |
Acid fast, bacillus |
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Encapsulated, gram negative, rods |
|
Escherichia coli |
Gram negative, rods, encapsulated |
|
Serratia marcescens |
Rods, gram negative |
|
Proteus vulgeris |
Rod, gram negative |
|
Bacillus megaterium |
Rods, gram positive, spore forming |
|
Micrococcus letus |
Gram positive cocci |
|
Gram positive rod shaped bacteria |
Bacillus magaterium |
|
Gram positive cocci bacteria |
Micrococcus letus Staphylococcus aureus |
|
Gram negative rod shaped bacteria |
Proteus vulgeris Serratia marcescens Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
Acid Fast rod bacteria |
Mycobacterium smegmatis |
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
A gram positive bacteria that causes the majority of community acquired pneumonia |