Mcat General Chemistry

Front 1

Density

Back 1

m/v = kg/m^3 = g/mL = g/cc = g/cm^3

Front 2

Specific Gravity

Back 2

substance density/water density

Front 3

Avogadro's number

Back 3

6.02x10^23
(# of atoms in 1 mole of an element)
(# of molecules in 1 mole of a compound)

Front 4

Formal Charge

Back 4

# of valence e - 1/2 bonding e - nonbonding e

Front 5

Strongest to weakest energy forces

Back 5

1) strong nuclear force (pack protons and neutrons)
2) electrostatic forces (attract/repel based on charge)
3) weak nuclear force
4) gravitational force

Front 6

Isotopes have different numbers of ____ and the same number of ____.

Back 6

neutrons; protons

Front 7

Rules of Nuclear Transformation

Back 7

1) total nucleon number must be same on both sides
2) total charge must be same on both sides
3) daughter element based on proton #/charge

*A = mass # (prot + neut)
*Z = atomic # (protons)

A 1 1 0
E --> P N E
Z 1 0 -1

Front 8

Alpha Decay

Back 8

due to repulsive forces being too large because of too many protons

A A-4 4
P --> D + He
Z Z-2 2

Front 9

Beta Decay: beta emission

Back 9

B- (neutron --> proton)

A A
P --> D
Z Z+1

Front 10

Beta Decay: positron emission

Back 10

B+ (proton --> neutron)

A A
P --> D
Z Z-1

Front 11

Gamma Decay

Back 11

only emission of energy because nucleus has excess; no change in the nucleon number

A A
P --> D + gamma
Z Z

Front 12

Electromagnetic spectrum

Back 12

---------------------------------------------------------------------------> E
Radio < Micro < IR < Visible < UV < X-ray < Gamma
ROYGBIV

*wavelength decreases as E increases

Front 13

Quantum Numbers

Back 13

1) "n" gives level; "n^2" gives orbitals in shell; "2n^2" gives e- in level
2) "l" gives subshell
l= 0 (s), 1 (p), 2 (d), 3 (f)
3) m_l gives orientation (-l --> l)
4) m_s gives spin (-1/2, +1/2)