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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Change
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-Every society changes all the time, sometimes faster, sometimes more slowly. Social change often generates controversy. |
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Causes of Social Change
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-Invention produces new objects, ideas, and social patterns. -Discovery occurs when people take notice of existing elements of the world. -Diffusion creates change as products, people, and information spread from one society to another. |
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Causes of Social Change
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Social Conflict
-Social conflict arising from class, race, and gender inequality has resulted in social changes that have improved the lives of working people. |
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Causes of Social Change
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-Max Weber claimed that the fact that industrial capitalism developed first in areas of Western Europe where the Protestant work ethic was strong demonstrates the power of ideas to bring about change. |
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Causes of Social Change
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-The aging of U.S. has resulted in changes to family life and the development of consumer products to meet the needs of the elderly. -Migration within and between societies promotes change. |
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Causes of Social Change
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-Crowds, in the form of political demonstrations and protest rallies, can bring about political change. -Mobs and Riots, types of crowds that are highly emotional and often violent. -Rumor, thrives in a climate of uncertainty and can trigger the formation of crowds and direct their action. -Fashion, reflects changes in cultural values, guides people's tastes in clothing, music, and automobiles, as well as their political attitudes. -Fads, social patters that people embrace enthusiastically but for a very short period of time. |
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Causes of Social Change
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-Natural disasters -Technological disasters -Intentional disasters |
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Collective Behavior
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Activity involving a large number of people that is unplanned, often controversial, and sometimes dangerous. |
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Crowd |
A temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another. |
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Mob
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A highly emotional crown that pursues a violent or destructive goal. |
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Riot
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A social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected |
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Rumor
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Unconfirmed information that people spread informally, often by word of mouth. |
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Fashion |
A social pattern favored by a large number of people. |
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Fad
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An unconventional social pattern that people embrace briefly and enthusiastically. |
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Social Movement |
An organized activity that encourages or discourages social change. |
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Claims Making |
The process of trying to convince the public and public officials of the importance of joining a social movement to address a particular issue. |
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Relative Deprivation |
A perceived disadvantage arising from some specific comparison.
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Disaster
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An event, generally unexpected, that causes extensive harm to people and damage to property. |
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Types of Social Movements |
-Redemptive Social Movements; seek radical change in specific individuals. -Reformative Social Movements; seek limited change in the whole society. -Revolutionary Social Movements; seek radical change in the whole society. |
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Explanations of Social Movements |
-Deprivation Theory; social movements arise among people who feel deprived of something, such as income, safe working conditions, or political rights. -Mass-Society Theory; social movements attract socially isolated people who join a movement in order to gain a sense of identity and purpose. -Resource Mobilization Theory; success of a social movement is linked to available resources, including money, labor, and the mass media. -Culture Theory; social movements depend not only on money and resources but also on cultural symbols that motivate people. -New Social Movements Theory; social movements in postindustrial societies are typically international in scope and focus on quality-of-life issues. |
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Modernity
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Changes brought about by the industrial revolution. -Ferdinand Tonnies; described modernization as the transition from gemeinschaft to gesellschaft, characterized by the loss of traditional community and the rise of individualism. -Emile Durkheim; saw modernization as a society's expanding division of labor. -Max Weber; saw modernity as the decline of a traditional worldview and the rise of rationality. -Karl Marx; saw modernity as the triumph of capitalism over feudalism. |
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Modernization
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-The process of social change begun by industrialization. |
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Division of Labor
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Anomie
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-Durkheim's term for a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals. |
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Postmodernity
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-The transformations caused by the Information Revolution and the postindustrial economy. -Refers to the cultural postindustrial societies. Postmodern criticism of society centers on the failure of modernity, and specifically science, to fulfill its promise of prosperity and well-being. |
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Mass Society |
-Mass-Society Theory; Modernity increases the scale of life, enlarging the role of government and other formal organizations in carrying out tasks previously performed by families in local communities. |
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Class Society
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-Class-Society Theory; modernity involves the rise of capitalism into a global economic system resulting in persistent social inequality. |
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Social Character
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-Personally patterns common to members of a particular society |
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Tradition-Directedness
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-Rigid conformity to time-honored ways of living |
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Other-Directedness
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-Openness to the latest trends and fashions, often expressed by imitating others.
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Mass Society: Problems of Identity |
-David Riseman described the changes in social character that modernity causes
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