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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify: family
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- A social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children
- carries across cultures and over time (see other card) |
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Identify:kinship
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A social bound based on cmmon ancestry, marriage, or adoption
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Identify: marriage
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A legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation as well as sexual activity and childbearing
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Identify: extended family
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A family composed of parents and children as well as other kin; also known as a "consanguine family"
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Identify: nuclear family
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A family composed of one or two parents and their children; also known as a "conjugal family"
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Identify: endogamy
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Marriage between people of the same social category
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Identify: exogamy
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marriage between people of the same social category
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Identify: monogamy
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marriage that unites two partners
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Identify: polygamy
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marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses
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Identify: descent
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the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations
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Identify: incest taboo
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A norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
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Identify: Homogamy
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Marriage between two people with the same sexual characteristics
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Identify: Family Violence
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emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by another
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Identify: cohabitation
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the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple
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Identify: profane
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occurring as an ordinary element of everyday life
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Identify: sacred
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set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence
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Identify: religion
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- a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred
- is grounded in faith rather than scientific evidence, and people express their religious beliefs through various rituals. |
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Identify: faith
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belief based on conviction rather than scientific evidence
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Identify: totem
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an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred
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Identify: liberation theology
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combining of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character
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Identify: Church
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A type of religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society
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Identify: State Church
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A church formally allied with the state
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Identify: Denomination
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A church, independent of the state, that recognizes religous pluralism
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Identify: sect
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A type of religous organization that stands apart from the larger society
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Identify: Charisma
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Extraordinary personal qualities that can infuse people with emotion and turn them into followers
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Identify: cult
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A type of religious organization that is largely outside of a society's cultural traditions
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Identify: animism
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the belief that elements of the natural world are conscious life forms that affect humanity
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Identify: religiosity
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the importance of religion in a person's life
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Identify: secularization
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The historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred
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Identify: secularization
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-the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred
- In the US, while some indicators of religiosity (like membership in mainstream churches) have declined, others (such as membership in sects) have increased |
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Identify: civil religion
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-A quasi-religious loyalty binding individuals in a basically secular society
- Spiritual seekers are part of the "New Age" movement, which pursues spiritual development outside conventional organizations |
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Identify: fundamentalism
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-A conservative religious doctrine that opposes intellectualism and worldly accommodation in favor of restoring traditional, otherworldly religion
- opposes religious accommodation to the world, interprets religious texts literally, and rejects religious diversity. |
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Explain how Family varies across cultures and over time.
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- In industrialized societies such as the United States, marriage is monogamous
- Many preindustrial societies permit polygamy, of which there are two types: polygmy and polyandry - In global perspective, potrilocality is most common, but industrial societies favor neolocality and few societies have matrilocal residence - Industrial societies use bilateral descent; preindustrial societies are either patrilineal or matrillineal. |
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Concerning family, what is the level of analysis for the Structural-Functional Approach?
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Macro-level
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Concerning family, what is the level of analysis for the Social Conflict and Feminist Approaches?
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Macro-level
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Concerning family, what is the level of analysis for the Symbolic Interaction and Social-Exchange Approaches?
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Micro-level
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Concerning family, what is the importance of family for society according to the Structural-Functional Approach?
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The family performs vital tasks, including socializing the young and providing emotional and financial support for members. The family helps regulate sexual activity.
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Concerning family, what is the importance of family for society according to the Social-Conflict and Feminist Approaches?
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The family perpetuates social inequality by handing down wealth from one generation to the next. The family supports patriarchy as well as racial and ethnic inequality.
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Concerning family, what is the importance of family for society according to the Symbolic-Interaction and Social-Exchange Approaches?
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The symbolic-interaction approach explains that the reality of family life is constructed by members in their interaction. The social-exchange approach shows that courtship typically brings together people who offer the same level of advantages.
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Explain Stages of Family Life: Courtship and Romantic Love
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-Courtship based on romantic love is central to mate selection in the United States
- Arranged marriages are common in preindustrial societies |
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Explain Stages of Family Life: Child Rearing
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-Family size has decreased over time as industrialization increases the costs of raising children.
-Fewer children are born as more women go to school and join the labor force |
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Explain Stages of Family Life: The Family in Later Life
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-Many middle-aged couples care for aging parents, and many older couples are active grandparents.
- The final transition in marriage begins with the death of a spouse. |
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____ out of 10 marriages will end in divorce...
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Remarriage creates blended families that include children from previous marriages. |
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T or F: Family violence is a widespread problem
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T
Most adults who abuse family members were themselves abused as children |
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How is family life becoming more varied?
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- One parent families, cohabitation, gay and lesbian couples, and singlehood have become more common in recent years.
- Although only Massachusetts has lawful same sex-marriage, many gay men and lesbians form long-lasting relationships and, increasingly, are becoming parents. |
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How does the Structural-Functional Approach view religion?
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Suggests that religion unites people, promotes cohesion, and gives meaning and purpose to life; through religion, we celebrate the power of our society (Emile Durkheim)
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How does the Symbolic-Interaction Approach view religion?
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Explains that we socially construct religious beliefs; we are especially likely to seek religious meaning when faces with life's uncertainties and disruptions (Peter Berger)
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How does the Symbolic-Interaction Approach view religion?
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Claims that religion justifies the status quo. In this way, religion supports inequality and discourages change toward a more just and equal society. (Karl Marx)
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According to the Structural-Functional Approach, what is the importance of religion for society?
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Religion performs vital tasks including uniting people and controlling behavior. Religion gives life meaning and purpose.
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According to the Symbolic-Interaction Approach, what is the importance of religion for society?
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Religion strengthens marriage by giving it (and family life) sacred meaning. People often turn to sacred symbols for comfort when facing danger or uncertainty.
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According to the Social-Conflict Approach, what is the importance of religion for society?
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Religion supports social inequality by claiming that the social order is just. Religion turn attention from problems in this world to a "better world to come".
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Explain: Religion and Social Change.
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-Max Weber argued, in opposition to Marx, that religion can encourage social change. He showed how Calvinist beliefs helped caused the rise of industrial capitalism.
- Liberation Theory: a fusion of Christian principles and political activism, tries to encourage social change. |
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Explain: Religion in the US
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The United States is one of the most religously diverse nations. How researches operationsize "religiosity" affects how "religious" our people seem to be:
- 85% of adults identify with a religion - 60% profess a firm belief in God - just 30% say they attend religous services weekly |
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Explain how Religion in the US is tied to social class, ethnicity, and race:
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- On average, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, and Jews enjoy higher standing; lower social standing is typical of Baptists, Lutherans, and members of sects
- Religion is often linked to ethnic background because people came to the US from countries that have a major religion (eg, most Irish-Americans are Catholics) - Transported to this country in slave ships, most Africans became Christians, but they blended Christina beliefs with elements of African religions they brought with them. |
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The family is a social institution that is found in
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Every Society
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What is the term sociologists use for a group containing parents, children, and other kin?
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Extended family
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Sociologists claim that marriage in the US follows the principle of homogamy, which means that partners are
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People who are social alike in terms of class, age, and race
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Which theoretical approach states that people select partners who have about the same to offer as they do?
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The social-exchange approach
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In the US, many Latino families are characterized by
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- Strong extended kinship
- Parents exerting a great deal of control over their children's courtship - traditional gender roles |
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What term did Emile Durkeheim use to describe the everyday aspects of our lives?
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profane
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Peter Berger claims that we are most likely to turn to religion when we experience
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Important events that are out of our control
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Which type of religious organization is most integrated into the larger society?
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Church
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A sect is a type of religious organizations that
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Stands apart from the larger society
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The term "secularization" refers to what?
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A decline in the importance of relifion and the sacred
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