Intro To Soc Chp. 10

Front 1

Identify: Gender

Back 1

- The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
- "The meaning a culture attaches to being female or male"
- Evidence that gender is rooted in culture includes global comparisons by Marget Mead and others showing how societies define what is feminine and masculine in various ways
- Gender is not only about difference: b/c societies give more power and other resources to men than to women, gender is an important dimension of social stratification. Sexism is built into the operation of social institutions
- Although some degree of patriarchy is found almost everywhere, it varies throughout history and from society to society

Front 2

Identify: Gender Stratification

Back 2

- The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women
-Shapes: the workplace, family life, and politics

Front 3

Identify: Matriarchy

Back 3

A form of social organization in which females dominate females

Front 4

Identify: Patriarchy

Back 4

A form of social organization in which males dominate females

Front 5

Identify: Sexism

Back 5

The belief that one sex is innately superior to the other

Front 6

Identify: Gender Roles

Back 6

Attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

Front 7

Identify: Minority

Back 7

Any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinates

Front 8

Identify: Intersection Theory

Back 8

The interplay of race, class, gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage

Front 9

Identify: Sexual Harassment

Back 9

Comments, gestures, or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome

Front 10

Identify: Feminism

Back 10

-The advocacy of social equality for women and men, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism
- Endorses the social equality of women and men and opposes patriarchy and sexism.
- Seeks to eliminate violence against women.
- Advocates giving women control over their reproduction
There are three types of feminism: liberal, Socialist, and Radical

Front 11

Explain: Gender and Socialization

Back 11

Through the socialization process, gender becomes part of our personalities (gender identity) and our actions (gender roles). All the major agents of socialization-family, peer groups, schools, and the mass media---reinforce cultural definitions of what is feminine and masculine.

Front 12

Explain how gender stratification shapes the workplace

Back 12

- A majority of women are now in the paid labor force, but 42% hold clerical or service jobs
- Comparing full-time US workers, women earn 77% as much as men
- This gender difference in earnings results from differences in jobs, differences in family responsibilities, and discrimination

Front 13

Explain how gender stratification shapes family life

Back 13

- Most unpaid housework is performed by women, whether or not they hold jobs outside the home
- Pregnancy and raising small children keep many women out of the labor force at a time when their male peers are making important career gains

Front 14

Explain how gender stratification shapes politics

Back 14

- Until a century ago, almost no women held any elected office in the US
- In recent decades, the number of women in politics has increased significantly
- Even so, the vast majority of elected officials, especially at the national level, are men,
- Women make up only about 15% of US military personnel.

Front 15

Explain violence against women and men

Back 15

= a widespread problem that is linked to how a society defines gender. Related issues include:
- Sexual Harassment, which mostly victimizes women because our culture encourages men to be assertive and see women in sexual terms
- Pornography, which portrays women as sexual objects. Many see pornography as a moral issue; because pornography dehumanizes women, it is also a power issue.

Front 16

Concerning Gender, the Structural-Functional Approach suggests that
- In preindustrial societies, distinctive roles for males and females reflect biological differences between the sexes
- In industrial societies, marked gender inequality becomes dysfunctional and gradually decreases
- Talcott Parsons described gender differences in terms of complementary roles that promote the social integration of families and society as a whole.

Back 16

Concerning Gender, the Social-Conflict Approach suggests that
-Gender is an important dimension of social inequality and social conflict.
-Gender inequality benefits men and disadvantages women
- Friedrich Engels tied gender stratification to the rise of private poverty and a class hierarchy. Marriage and the family are strategies by which men control their property through control of the sexuality of women. Capitalism exploits everyone by paying men low wages and assigning women the task of maintaining the home.

Front 17

Identify and Explain the three different types of feminism.

Back 17

1. Liberal Feminism: seeks equal opportunity for both sexes within the existing society
2. Socialist Feminism: claims that gender equality will come about by replacing capitalism with socialism
3. Radical Feminism: Seeks to eliminate the concept of gender itself and to create an egalitarian and gender-free society

Front 18

Concerning Gender and the Structural-Functional Approach, What is the level of analysis?

Back 18

Macro-level

Front 19

According to the Structural-Functional Approach, what does gender mean?

Back 19

Parsons described gender in terms of two complementary patterns of behavior: masculine and feminine

Front 20

According to the Social-Conflict Approach, what does gender mean?

Back 20

Engels described gender in terms of the power of one sex over the other

Front 21

According to the Structural-Functional Approach, is gender helpful or harmful?

Back 21

Helpful.
Gender gives men and women distinctive roles and responsibilities that help society operate smoothly. Gender builds social unity as men and women come together to form families.

Front 22

Concerning Gender and the Social-Conflict approach, what is the level of analysis?

Back 22

Macro-level

Front 23

According to the Social-Conflict Approach, is gender helpful or harmful?

Back 23

Harmful.
Gender limits people's personal development.
Gender divides society by giving power to men to control the lives of women.
Capitalism makes patriarchy stronger.

Front 24

Does Liberal Feminism accept the basic order of society?

Back 24

Yes. Liberal feminism seeks change only to ensure equality of opportunity.

Front 25

Does Socialist Feminism accept the basic order of society?

Back 25

No. Socialist feminism supports an end to social classes and to family gender roles that encourage "domestic slavery"

Front 26

Does Radical Feminism accept the basic order of society?

Back 26

No. Radical feminism supports an end to the family system

Front 27

According to Liberal Feminism, How do women improve their standing?

Back 27

Individually, according to personal ability and effort.

Front 28

According to Socialist Feminism, How do women improve their standing?

Back 28

Collectively, through socialist revolution.

Front 29

According to Radical Feminism, How do women improve their standing?

Back 29

Collectively, by working to eliminate gender itself.

Front 30

Gender is not just a matter of difference but also a matter of what?

Back 30

Power
Wealth
Prestige

Front 31

The anthropologist Margaret Mead studied gender in three societies in New Guinea and found what?

Back 31

What is feminine in one society may be masculine in another

Front 32

For all of us raised in US society, gender shapes what?

Back 32

Feelings
Thoughts
Actions

Front 33

There is a "beauty myth" in US society that encourages what?

Back 33

Women to believe that their personal importance depends on their looks.

Front 34

In the US, what share of women work for income?

Back 34

59%

Front 35

In the US labor force men and women___?

Back 35

Women are still concentrated in several types of jobs

Front 36

For which categories of people in the US is it true that women do more housework than man?

Back 36

- People who work for income
- People who are married
- People who have children

Basically, any category. Thanks chauvinistic men! I would love to iron your underwear and cook your meals for the rest of my life! Oh boy!

Front 37

In the US, women in the labor force working full time earn how much for every dollar earned by men working full time?

Back 37

77 cents

Front 38

In 2006, women held about what percent of seats in congress?

Back 38

15%

Front 39

Which type of feminism accepts US society as it is but wants to give women the same rights and opportunities as men?

Back 39

Liberal Feminism