Human Biology - Test Three

Front 1

main minerals found in bone

Back 1

calcium, magniseum, phosphate, boron, manganese

Front 2

epiphyseal plate

Back 2

growth plate

Front 3

Periosteum

Back 3

white connective tissue that surrounds bone and allows for lateral growth, rapair and nutrition

Front 4

Compact bone

Back 4

dense bone that forms at the external layer of all bones

Osteons, haversion canals, canaliculi, lamina, lacunae, osteocytes and intersatital lamina Volmann canals

Front 5

Spongy Bone

Back 5

has no true osteons, composed of plates called trabecula found in the marrow of cavities - osteocites get blood directly from the marrow

Front 6

osteoblastic/osteolactic is under the control of ...

Back 6

estrogen, progesterone, tesosterone, thyroid hormone, human growth hormone, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Front 7

synovial

Back 7

these joints contain articular cartalige, a joint space, a joint capsule lined with cells that secrate synovial fluid and are stabalized by membraines.

Maximum range of motion

Front 8

cartilagenous joints

Back 8

ribs - limited movememnt

Front 9

Fiberous jounts

Back 9

no movememnt - skull, vertabray disks

Front 10

rickets

Back 10

Vitimin D difency, soft bone that bow's out

Front 11

gigantism

Back 11

human growth hormone - generally in kids, tumor

Front 12

Acromegally

Back 12

Human Growth Hormone , old people

Front 13

Hyperparathyroidism

Back 13

increased blood calcium, increased ostioclassic activity (OCA)

Front 14

flexion

Back 14

closed angle

Front 15

extension

Back 15

increse angle

Front 16

abduction

Back 16

move away

Front 17

adduction

Back 17

move twords

Front 18

circumduction

Back 18

cone like movement - arms

Front 19

rotation

Back 19

head, turning

Front 20

supination

Back 20

soup! hands up

Front 21

pronation

Back 21

no soup! hands down

Front 22

arthritis

Back 22

look up in book

Front 23

salivery amylase

Back 23

polysaccharides (starch) into disaccharides

Front 24

voluntary stage

Back 24

toung moves food back into the oropharynx

Front 25

pharyngeal stage

Back 25

bolus stimulates receptors in oropharynx causing a cessation of resperation and epiglottis covers airway

Front 26

esophageal stage

Back 26

dilation of upper/lower esphageal sphincters, food moves into esophagus and down to the stomach via peristalsis (- covers throat, no choke)

Front 27

mucosa

Back 27

mucosa membrain, first layer composed of epithelium (stratified squamous/simple columnar) and is in contact with food

Front 28

submucosa

Back 28

composed of looses areolar connective tissue and bindes mucosa to muscle layer, contains immune sysatem of the gut

Front 29

muscularis

Back 29

skelital muscle in mouth, pharynx and esphegus. The rest of the tract is smooth muscle. This layer ushually contains 2 layers (3 in stomach) - inner circula/outer longitudinal

Front 30

serosa

Back 30

serous membrain, made up of connective tissue and epithelium. Below the diaphram this layer is termed the viceral peritoneum

Front 31

the peritoneum

Back 31

a serious memberain that lines the walls of the abdomen and oregons

Front 32

the parietal layer

Back 32

lines the walls of the abdomen

Front 33

the viceral layer

Back 33

covers the internal oregons

Front 34

peritoneal cavity

Back 34

space between layers, contains serous fluid.

Front 35

cheif cells

Back 35

pepsinogen (must clip 1/2 off to begin break down)

Front 36

paerital cells

Back 36

HCL/Instrinsic factor

Front 37

Mucous cells

Back 37

mucous barrier