Chapter 7,8,9 Human Biology

Front 1

What is the most common cell in blood?

Back 1

RBC 5 million/mm3 (red blood cells)

Front 2

What is the second largest cell in blood?

Back 2

WBC 7,000/mm3 (White blood cells)

Front 3

What is the smallest of the three parts of blood?

Back 3

platelets 25,000/mm3

Front 4

What are the three functions of blood?

Back 4

Transportation of o2, waste products, and antibodies.
Regulation of body temp, ph, fluid volume.
Defense from foreign organisms, by being a clotting mechanism.

Front 5

What are the components of blood?

Back 5

plasma (55%)
Formed elements (45%)

Front 6

OF the two components of blood what makes up the plasma?

Back 6

water
electrolytes
protiens
hormones
gases
nutrients and wastes

Front 7

OF the two components of blood what makes up the formed elements?

Back 7

RBC (most common also known as erythrocytes)
White blood cells(also known as eukocytes)
platelets(also known as thrombocytes)

Front 8

Where do blood cells originate from?

Back 8

stem cells in red bone marrow.

Front 9

where do you find the red marrow in adults?

Back 9

ends of humerus and the femur, in the sternum and pelvic bones.

Front 10

what do Erythroblasts turn into at maturation?

Back 10

erythrocytes

Front 11

what do myeloblasts turn into at maturation?

Back 11

granular leukocytes

Front 12

what to monoblasts turn into at maturation?

Back 12

monocytes

Front 13

what do lumphoblasts turn into at maturation?

Back 13

lumphyoblasts

Front 14

what do the megakaryoblasts mature into?

Back 14

megakaryocyte and then into platelets.

Front 15

what is an RBC's function and origin?

Back 15

function- carry O2 and CO2
origin- stem cell-> erythroblast-> loses nucleus and organelles -> mature RBC (filled with hemoglobin)

Front 16

What is hemoblobin?

Back 16

protein containing iron, which binds to O2 in the lungs and releases it into the tissues.

Front 17

What is a normal hematocrit?

Back 17

~~ 44% (women are lower, men are higher)

Front 18

What is the lifespan of an RBC?j

Back 18

120 days

Front 19

What happens to a dead RBC?

Back 19

A dead rbc is removed by macrophages in the liver and spleen. Old Heme groups are converted to bilirubin by the liver and then secreated in the bile.

Front 20

What controls the production of RBC's?

Back 20

Kidneys.... Erythropoiten cells in the kidneys monitor O2 lvl. When level decreases they realease a hormone called erythropoietin, this stimulates the stem cells to rpduce more RBC's

Front 21

What is an antigen?

Back 21

substance that provokes an immune response. USUALLY something foreign; (markers on cell membranes)

Front 22

what is an antibody?

Back 22

Our immune response, specific protiens for an antigen in plasma!

Front 23

What antibodies does blood type O have?

Back 23

anti A and B.

Front 24

What antibodies does blood type A have?

Back 24

anti B

Front 25

what antibodies does blood type B have?

Back 25

anti A

Front 26

what antibodies does blood type AB have?

Back 26

NONE!

Front 27

What rh factorin between mother and fetus causes erythroblastosis fetalis?

Back 27

mother RH- fetus RH+

Front 28

what is the epicardium?

Back 28

thin covering of the heart

Front 29

what is the endocardium?

Back 29

thin layer inside the heart

Front 30

pulmonary artery carrys what kind of blood?

Back 30

deoxynagated

Front 31

what allows the exchange of oxygen between tissue and the cardiovascular system?

Back 31

capillaries.

Front 32

systole is what?

Back 32

the contraction of the heart

Front 33

dyastole is what?

Back 33

the relaxation of the heart

Front 34

sa node is also known as what?

Back 34

pacemaker of the heart.

Front 35

if you need to raise your heart rate your body does what to the arteries?

Back 35

constricts them

Front 36

if you need to lower your heart rate your body does what to the arteries?

Back 36

dialates them.