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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
organizations that seek to achieve power by winning public office
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political parties
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system in which competitive parties adopt a plateform of principles, recruting candidates and directing campaigns based on the platform, and holding their elected officials responsible for enacting it.
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responsible party platform
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the tendency of the Democratic Party to take more liberal positions and the Republican Party to take more conservative positions on key issues
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party polarization
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political party's entry in a general election race
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nominee
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polical party's slection of its candidate for a public office
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nomination
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tightly disciplined party organization, headed bye a boss, that relies on material rewards - including patronage jobs - to control politics
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machine
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appointment to public office based on party loyalty
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patronage
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one party controls the presidency while the other party controls one or both houses of Congress
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divided party government
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elections in which candidates do not officially indicate their party affiliation, often used for city, country, school board, and judicial elections
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nonpartisan elections
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nominating process in which party leaders select the party's nominee
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caucus
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division of a city for electoral or administrative purposes or as a unit for organizing political parties
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ward
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subdivision of a city, county, or ward for election purposes
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precinct
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primary elections in which voters must declare (or have previously declared) their party affiliation and can cast a ballot only in their own party's election
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closed primary
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primary election in which a voter may cast a ballot in either party's primary election
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open primary
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organized efforts by one party to get its members to cross over in a primary and defeat an attractive candidate in the oppositions party's primary
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raiding
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additonal primary held between the top two vote-getters in a primary in wich no candidate has recieved a majority of the vote
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runoff primary
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election to choose among candidates nominated by parties and/or independent candidates who gained access to the ballot by petition
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general election
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nominating process in which delegates from local party organizations select the party's nominees
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convention
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primary elections in the states in which voters in each party can choose a presidential candidate for its party's nomination. Outcomes help determine the distribution of pledged delegates to each party's national nominating convention
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presiendtial primaries
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accredited voting members of a party's national presidential nominating convention
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delegates
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statement of principles adopted by a political party at its national convention (specific portions of the platform are known as planks); a platformis not bindingon the party's candidates
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platform
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self-described identification with a political party
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party identification
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declining attractiveness of the parties to the voters, a reluctance to identify strongly with a party, and a decrease in reliance on party affiliation in voter choice
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dealignment
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long-term shift in social-group support for various political parties that creates new coalitions in each party
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realignment
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electoral system that allocates seats in a legislature based on the proportion of votes each party receives in a national election
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proportional representation
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organizations seeking to directly influence government policy
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interest group
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tendency of democratic governments to allow the faint preferences of the majority to prevail over the intense feelings of minorities
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majoritarianism
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society encrusted with so many special benefits to interest groups that everyon'e standard of living is lowered
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organizatoinal sclerosis
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interest groups composed of businesses in specific industries
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trade associations
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interest groups that claim to represent broad classes of people or the public as a whole
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public-interest groups
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organizations formed to support or oppose government action on a specific issue
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single-issue groups
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interest groups that pursue ideolgicially based (liberal or conservative) agendas
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ideological organiztions
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person working to influence government policies and actions
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lobbyist
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activities directed at government officials with the hope of influencing their decisions
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lobbying
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building and maintaining goodwill with the general public
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public relations
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meeting and talking with decision makers, a prerequisite to direct persuasion
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access
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attempts to influence government decision making by inspring consituents to contact their representatives
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grassroots lobbying
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a joining together of interest groups (or indivduals) to achieve a common goal
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coalition
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giving or offering anything of value in an effort to influence government officals in the performance of their duties
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bribery
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mutually supportive relastionships among interest groups, government agencies, and legislative committees with jurisdictions over a specific policy area
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iron triangles
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the movement of individuals from government positions to jobs in the private sector, using the experience knowledge, and contacts they acquired in government employment
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revolving doors
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legal disupute brought before a court
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litigation
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person or group other than the defendant of the plantiff or the prosecution that submits an argument in a case for the courts consideration
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amicus curiae
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