Government Ch.4 Vocab

Front 1

a constitutional arrangement whereby power is divided between national and subnational governments, each of which enforces its own laws directly on its citizens and neither of which can alter the arrangement without the consent of the other

Back 1

federalism

Front 2

consitutional arrangement whereby authority rests with the national government, subnational governments have only those powers given to them by the national government

Back 2

unitary system

Front 3

constutional arrangment whereby the national government is created by and relies on subnational governments for its authority

Back 3

confederation

Front 4

power of local government to pass laws affecting local affairs, so long as those laws do not conflict with state or federal laws

Back 4

home rule

Front 5

network of political, financial, and administrative relationships between units of the federal government and those of state and local governments

Back 5

intergovernmental relations

Front 6

a reference to the ability of states to experiment and innovate in public policy

Back 6

laboratories of democracy

Front 7

powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution as belonging to the national government

Back 7

delegated, or enumerated, powers

Front 8

clause in Article 1, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution granting Congress the power to enact all lawas that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out those responsibilities specifically delegated to it. Aslo referred to as the Implied Powers Clause

Back 8

Necessary and Proper Clause

Front 9

powers not mentioned specifically in the Constitution as belonging to Congress but inferred as necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers

Back 9

implied powers

Front 10

clause in Article VI of the U.S. Constitution declaring the constitution and laws of the national government "the supreme law of the land" superior to the constitutions of the laws of the states

Back 10

National Supremacy Clause

Front 11

powers exercised by both the national government and state governments in the American federal system

Back 11

concurrent powers

Front 12

powers not granted to the national government or specifically denied to the states in the Constitution that are recognized by the Tenth Amendment as belonging to the state governments. This guarantee, known as the Reserved Powers Clause, embodies the principle of American federalism

Back 12

reserved powers

Front 13

early concept of federalism in which national and state powers were clearly distinguished and functionally separate

Back 13

duel federalism

Front 14

model of federalism in which national, state, and local governments work together exercising common policy responsibilities

Back 14

cooperative federalism

Front 15

model of federalsim in which the national government assumes primary responsibility for determining national goals in all major policy areas and directs state and local government activity through conditions attached to money grants

Back 15

centralized federalism

Front 16

attempts to return power and responsibility to the states and reduce the role of the national government in domestic affairs

Back 16

new federalism

Front 17

assertion that no constitutional division of power exists between the nation and the states but the states retain their constituional role merely by selecting the president and memebers of congress

Back 17

representational federalism

Front 18

payments of funds from the national government to state or local government or from a state government to local government to governments for specific purposes

Back 18

grants-in-aid

Front 19

passing down of responsibilities from the national government to the states

Back 19

devolution

Front 20

total or partial federal assumption of power in a particular field, restricting the authority of the states

Back 20

preemption

Front 21

federal government's assumption of all regulatory powers in a particular field

Back 21

total preemption

Front 22

federal government's assumption of some regulatory powers in a particular field, with the stipluation that a state law on the same subject as a federal law is vaild if it does not conflict with the federal law in the same area

Back 22

partial preemption

Front 23

form of partial preemption in which the states are permitted to regulate activities already regulated by the federal government if the state regulatory standards are at least as stringent as the federal governments

Back 23

standard partial preemption

Front 24

perception of popular support for a program or policy based on the margin of electoral victory won by a candidate who proposed it during a campaign, direct federal orders to state and local governments requiring them to perform a service or to obey federal laws in the performance of their functions

Back 24

mandate

Front 25

mandates that impose costs on state and local governments (and private industry) without reimbursement from the federal government

Back 25

unfunded mandates