General Biology Exam 1

Front 1

What allows molecules to pass into and out of the cell?

Back 1

Proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

Front 2

How do solute molecules move during diffusion? What is simple diffusion? What is facilitated diffusion?

Back 2

They move from high concentration to low concentration.

Simple diffusion - is no effort required

Facilitated diffusion - requires something to assist in diffusion.

Front 3

What are aquaporins?

Back 3

A transport protein in the membrane of a plant or animal cell that facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane by osmosis.

Front 4

What is the main function of each organelle in a plant cell?

Back 4

Basically and organelles function is the help on the cell.

Front 5

What is the main function of each organelle in an animal cell?

Back 5

Basically, an organelles function is to help run the cell.

Front 6

Why are double blind experiments the gold standard?

Back 6

They are completed without human bias. They are more objective.

Front 7

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Back 7

Active transport requires chemical energy because it is the movement of biochemicals from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

Passive transport moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration; so it does not require energy

Front 8

What is the difference between anorexia and bulimia?

Back 8

Anorixia is self starvation, and bulimia is binging and purging often coupled with self starvation.

Front 9

What is a micronutrient?

Back 9

A nutrient needed in small quantities.

Front 10

What is a macronutrient?

Back 10

Nutrient required in large quantities.

Front 11

What is hydrophilic?

Back 11

Readily dissolving in water.

Front 12

What is hydrophobic?

Back 12

Not able to dissolve in water.

Front 13

What is endocytosis?

Back 13

The uptake of substances into cells by a pinching inward of the plasma membrane.

Front 14

What is exocytosis?

Back 14

The secretion of molecules from a cell via fusion of membrane-bounded vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Front 15

What is a salute?

Back 15

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Front 16

What is a solvent?

Back 16

A substance, such as water, that a solute is dissolved in to make a solution.

Front 17

What is an electron, neutron, and proton? Which one is found in the nucleus?

Back 17

Electron- a negatively charged subatomic particle.

Neutron- an electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton- a positively charged subatomic particle.

Front 18

Where/ how are excess carbohydrates stored in humans?

Back 18

They are stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver.

Front 19

What are prokaryotes?

Back 19

Type of cell that does not have A nucleus or membrane bounded organelles.

Front 20

What are eukaryotes?

Back 20

Cell that has a nucleus and membrane bounded organelles.

Front 21

What role does insulin play in the body?

Back 21

Assists the body in the uptake of glucose.

Front 22

What do plants store excess carbohydrates as?

Back 22

Starch.

Front 23

What is the scientific method?

Back 23

A systematic method of research consisting of putting a hypothesis to test designed to disprove it, if it is in fact false.

Front 24

What structures are in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell?

Back 24

Cell wall, cytoplasm, and chlorophyll.

Front 25

What filaments compose the cytoskeleton?

Back 25

Macro-filaments, and intermediate filaments.

Front 26

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Back 26

Type 1- Insulin dependent and it’s not associated with obesity.

Type 2 - Non-insulin-dependent, and is associated with obesity. It can be controlled by diet and exercise, and usually arises in adults.

Front 27

When does an ion require ATP?

Back 27

When it’s moving against a concentration gradient.

Front 28

What do vitamins do?

Back 28

They help enzymes function properly.

Front 29

What is the scientific theory?

Back 29

Body of scientifically excepted general principles that explain natural phenomena.

Front 30

What is homeostasis?

Back 30

The steady-state condition an organism works to maintain.

Front 31

Which organelle performs photosynthesis?

Back 31

Chloroplasts are The organelles that allow plants to perform photosynthesis.

Front 32

Where are ribosomes made?

Back 32

In the nucleolus.

Front 33

How does water enter the cell?

Back 33

Through passive transport.

Front 34

What is a hydrocarbon?

Back 34

It is a molecule that is composed of chains and rings of hydrogen and carbon.

Front 35

What type of environment is found in the interior of the phospholipid bilayer?

Back 35

It’s a hydrophobic, or water hating, interior.

Front 36

What is the most trustworthy source of scientific information?

Back 36

Primary sources published and written by the researchers themselves reviewed within the scientific community.

Front 37

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar?

Back 37

Polar- A molecule with regions having different charges; goes into solution in water.

Nonpolar- won’t dissolve in water. Hydrophobic.

Front 38

What is the neutral pH?

Back 38

7.

Front 39

Why are hypotheses never completely accepted by scientist?

Back 39

Because they will continue to look/ find new information.

Front 40

What are water, carbohydrates, fat and proteins examples of?

Back 40

Macronutrients.

Front 41

What macromolecule has a sugar-phosphate backbone?

Back 41

DNA

Front 42

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 42

Ribosome-studded sub-cellular membranes found in the cytoplasm and responsible for some protein synthesis.

Front 43

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 43

The sub cellular, cytoplasmic membrane system responsible for lipid and steroid biosynthesis

Front 44

What organelle contains digestive enzymes?

Back 44

Lysosomes.