Biology General Definitions For Vce Unit 1

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Active Transport

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movement of substances across membranes that requires expenditure of energy.

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Osmosis

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passive diffusion of free water molecules across a semi permeable membrane from a solution in which there are more free water molecules (a dilute solution) to a solution in which there are less free water molecules. (a more concentrated solution)

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Diffusion

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the movement of a fluid from high concentration to low.

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anaerobic respiration

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A form of cellular respiration that occurs when oxygen is absent or scarce.

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aerobic respiration

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The process in which glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen, releasing large amounts of ATP.

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Active Transport

Back 6

movement of substances across membranes that requires expenditure of energy.

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Osmosis

Back 7

passive diffusion of free water molecules across a semi permeable membrane from a solution in which there are more free water molecules (a dilute solution) to a solution in which there are less free water molecules. (a more concentrated solution)

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Diffusion

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the movement of a fluid from high concentration to low.

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anaerobic respiration

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A form of cellular respiration that occurs when oxygen is absent or scarce.

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aerobic respiration

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The process in which glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen, releasing large amounts of ATP.

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Amino Acid

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One of the 20 building blocks of protein. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and, hence, the function of that protein are determined by the genetic code in the DNA.

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Asexual reproduction

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A form of reproduction that does not involve meiosis, ploidy reduction or fertilization, and the offspring is a clone of the parent organism.

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sexual reproduction

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A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of female gamete (ovum) and male gamete (spermatozoon), which forms a zygote that potentially develops into genetically distinct offspring.

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autotroph

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"self feeding". it is a self feeding organism. such as any plant algae that does not need to eat to get food. they basically make their own food

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mitosis

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The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell.

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meiosis

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A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms by which two consecutive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) occur without the chromosomal replication in between, leading to the production of four haploid gametes (sex cells), each containing one of every pair of homologous chromosomes

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Bacteria

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Microscopic, single-celled organisms belonging to Kingdom Monera that possess a prokaryotic type of cell structure, which means their cells are noncompartmentalized, and their DNA (usually circular) can be found throughout the cytoplasm rather than within a membrane-bound nucleus. They reproduce by fission or by forming spores. They can practically live everywhere.

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budding

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he formation of an outgrowth from an organism, and is capable of developing into a new individual

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denaturation

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A process in which the folding structure of a protein is altered due to exposure to certain chemical or physical factors (e.g. heat, acid, solvents, etc.), causing the protein to become biologically inactive.

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eukaryote

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Any of the single-celled or multicellular organisms whose cell contains a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus.