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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transcription |
A complementary messenger RNA is copied from a DNA template strand |
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Translation |
Genetic information on mRNA is read by a ribosome to assemble amino acids into a protein |
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Codon |
Sequence of three nucleotides based on DNA or mRNA that translate to a given amino acid |
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Anticodon |
Sequence of three nucleotides basses on the tRNA that is complementary to the three bases on mRNA |
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Locus |
Specific location on a chromosome occupied by a gene |
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Phenotype |
Visible appearance of how a particular trait is expressed in an individual |
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Genotype |
Full genetic composition of an individual depicting all alleles present |
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Gene ("Classic" Mendelian definition) |
Fundamental unit of genetic inheritance |
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Gene("Modern molecular" definition) |
Section of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular genetic trait or a protein to be synthesised |
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Allele |
Any one of several different versions of a given trait coded by a gene |
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What name is given to the sequence of genes on the Y chromosome that determines "male" in mammals? |
Sex-determining region |
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What enzyme catalyses the assembly of mRNA strand during RNA transcription? |
RNA Polymerase |
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What term describes the genotype condition in which the two alleles of an x-linked genetic trait on a female mammal are different? |
Heterozygous |
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What is the dark brown protein pigment, the absence of which in the iris of the eyes makes for "blue" eyes? |
Melanin |
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What sugar forms the central portion of an RNA nucleotide? |
Ribose |
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What nucleotide base is characteristic of RNA, as distinguished from DNA? |
Uracil |
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What term describes the chemical connection that links amino acids together in the ribosome during protein assembly? |
Peptide bond |
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In what cell organelle in rRNA found? |
Ribosome |
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What two worded phrase describes Mendel's second law, contributing to genetic diversity? |
Independent assortment |
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Pangenesis |
Aristotle |
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Who came up with Inheritance of acquired characteristics? |
Lamarck |
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What is the blending theory?? |
Aristotle- Pangenesis AND Lamarck- inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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Homozygous |
The letters are the same (EX: TT, tt) |
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Heterozygous |
The letters are different (EX: Tt) |
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Recessive |
Lower case (t) |
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Recessive |
Lower case (t) |
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Dominant |
Capital letter (T) |
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Multiple alleles |
More than two different kinds of alleles exist for a given trait (gene) EX: blood type |
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Co-dominance |
More than one dominant allele exists for a given trait (EX: black and white cats have kittens with black and white patches) |
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Incomplete dominance |
Black and white bunny have grey bunnies |
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Eukaryotic transcription |
Happens in nucleus |
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Terminator sequence |
Repeating end |
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mRNA copied from DNA |
Transcription |
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Determining "male" |
Absence of an X chromosome |
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Determining "male" |
Absence of an X chromosome |
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Gene |
Fundamental unit of genetic inheritance |
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Determining "male" |
Absence of an X chromosome |
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Gene |
Fundamental unit of genetic inheritance |
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Determining "female" |
Absence of Y chromosome |
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Who disapproved the two theories (Pangenesis & inheritance of acquired characteristics) |
August Weismann |
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What is the term that means it's linked to the Y chromosome? |
Holandric |
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Trait carried on X or Y chromosome on a male |
Homozygous |