General Biology 3 - Cell And Membrane Structure

Front 1

The ability of a microscope to separate two objects.

Back 1

Resolution

Front 2

Microscope that bombards electrons off the surface of a sample and offers a 3D view of the surface.

Back 2

Scanning Electron Microscope

Front 3

Microscope that passes electrons through a sample and offers the highest resolution available.

Back 3

Transmission Eletron Microscope

Front 4

Organization of macromolecule structures found within a cell.

Back 4

Cell organelle

Front 5

Dividing and purifying the components within a cell.

Back 5

Fractionation

Front 6

Creating a mixture of cell components.

Back 6

Homogenization

Front 7

Separating cell particles according to density.

Back 7

Centrifugation

Front 8

Simple cell where genetic material is not contained within a nucleus.

Back 8

Prokaryotic

Front 9

Complex cell that has internal membranes that serve as compartments.

Back 9

Eukaryotic

Front 10

Sites of protein synthesis.

Back 10

Ribosomes

Front 11

Location of protein synthesis.

Back 11

Ribosomes

Front 12

Where is the eukaryotic cell's DNA stored?

Back 12

Nucleus

Front 13

Openings in the eukaryotic cell's nucleus.

Back 13

Nuclear pores

Front 14

The eukaryotic cell's nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and plasma membranes are all part of what?

Back 14

Endomembrane system

Front 15

Segments of endomembrane used to transfer material between organelles are called what?

Back 15

Membrane vesicles

Front 16

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains ribosomes.

Back 16

Rough ER

Front 17

Site of lipid biosynthesis.

Back 17

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 18

Process of attaching carbohydrates to lipids and proteins.

Back 18

Glycosylation

Front 19

Location of glycosylation.

Back 19

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 20

Side of the Golgi facing the ER.

Back 20

Cis Golgi

Front 21

Side of the Golgi facing the plasma membrane.

Back 21

Trans Golgi

Front 22

Location of polysaccharide synthesis.

Back 22

Golgi apparatus

Front 23

Lysosome enzymes.

Back 23

Acid hydrolases

Front 24

Responsible for digesting macromolecules.

Back 24

Lysosomes

Front 25

Large membrane compartments, similar to vesicles.

Back 25

Vacuoles

Front 26

These contain enzymes that carry out various oxidation-reduction reactions.

Back 26

Peroxisomes

Front 27

Internal network of proteins that provides the cell with a shape.

Back 27

Cytoskeleton

Front 28

What protects plant cells?

Back 28

Cell walls

Front 29

What surrounds an animal cell that provides support, movement, and adhesion?

Back 29

Extracellular matrix

Front 30

Animal cells adhere to the Extracellular Matrix using what?

Back 30

Integrins

Front 31

Adjacent plant cells are connected by what?

Back 31

Plasmodesmata

Front 32

Biological membranes are made up of what?

Back 32

Phospholipids

Front 33

If a molecule has a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end, what is it called?

Back 33

Amphipathic

Front 34

The current model of membrane structure.

Back 34

Fluid mosaic model

Front 35

Proteins embedded into the biological membrane.

Back 35

Integral membrane proteins

Front 36

Proteins loosely attached to the biological membrane.

Back 36

Peripheral membrane proteins

Front 37

The tendency for molecules to move from a compartment with a higher concentration to a compartment with a lower concentration.

Back 37

Passive diffusion

Front 38

A solution with a lower concentration of a dissolved substance in comparison with a solution with a higher concentration.

Back 38

Hypotonic

Front 39

A solution with a higher concentration of a dissolved substance in comparison with a solution with a lower concentration.

Back 39

Hypertonic

Front 40

Two compartments of equal solute concentration, compared to each other.

Back 40

Isotonic

Front 41

Process responsible for equalizing the solute concentration between two compartments.

Back 41

Osmosis

Front 42

A shrunken cell within a cell wall has gone through what?

Back 42

Plasmolysis

Front 43

Process by which a membrane protein allows a molecule to move from one side of a membrane to another.

Back 43

Facilitated transport

Front 44

Process by which a membrane protein assists a molecule to move against a gradient.

Back 44

Active transport

Front 45

The imbalance in electrical charge that can exist across a membrane.

Back 45

Electrical gradient

Front 46

The combination of a chemical imbalance and an electrical imbalance.

Back 46

Electrochemical gradient

Front 47

The process of taking in molecules from outside the cell using vesicles.

Back 47

Endocytosis

Front 48

The process of releasing cellular molecules to the extracellular matrix.

Back 48

Exocytosis