Drugs In Modern Society Exam 3

Front 1

opioids are __ or pain relieving medications

Back 1

analgesic

Front 2

studies have shown that properly managed medical use (taken exactly as prescribed) of opioid analgesics is __.

Back 2

safe

Front 3

__ and __ are used to alleviate severe pain, while __ is used for milder pain

Back 3

Morphine, fentanyl, codeine

Front 4

along with pain, opioids can be used to relieve ____

Back 4

severe diarrhea and severe coughs

Front 5

an opiate drug that is synthesized from morphine

Back 5

heroin

Front 6

opioids stimulate the opiate receptors __, __, and __ producing pleasure and pain relief.

Back 6

delta, mu, and kappa

Front 7

___ use of opioids can cause nerve cells to lose their ability to carry messages without presence of an opiate.

Back 7

long term

Front 8

opioids act on the __ system (controls emotions), the __ (controls coughing and breathing), and the __ (transmits pain signals).

Back 8

limbic, brainstem, spinal cord

Front 9

a pain relieving drug

Back 9

analgesic

Front 10

cough suppressing drug

Back 10

antitussive

Front 11

drug that stops diarrhea

Back 11

antidiarreal

Front 12

opioids can treat __ dependence

Back 12

narcotic

Front 13

opioids relieve all kinds of pain by __ the transmission of pain through the spinal cord or brain stem and alters the perception of pain in the pain center of the brain

Back 13

blocking

Front 14

kinds of pain opioids can block

Back 14

visceral (internal organs of the body), somatic (skeletal muscles, bone, skin, teeth), the intense pain of cancer

Front 15

in the past, narcotics were advertised as a cure for __

Back 15

addiction to tobacco

Front 16

refers to naturally occurring substances derived from the opium poppy (1600's) and their synthetic substitutes

Back 16

narcotic

Front 17

CNS depressants that produce insensibility or stupor, induce sleep, numbing, dull senses, relieves anxiety, dreamlike state, very dependancy producing

Back 17

narcotics

Front 18

give you the feeling of being wrapped in a warm cozy blanket on a cold morning

Back 18

narcotics

Front 19

the poppy (papaver somniferum) is known as the __

Back 19

plant of joy or plant that brings sleep

Front 20

the opium poppy has only __ days to manufacture opium

Back 20

10

Front 21

with the development of the __ and its use during the civil war, heroin addiction became more prevalent and more severe

Back 21

hypodermic needle

Front 22

1906-opium and its derivatives were found in ___ medicines; bought in local stores, and order through catalogs

Back 22

50,000

Front 23

in 1906 the rate of opiate use was ___ than today

Back 23

higher proportionally

Front 24

___ made narcotics illegal without a prescription

Back 24

1914 Harrison Act

Front 25

in 1980 a $10 bag of heroin was __ pure, by 2000 it was __ pure

Back 25

<10%, 60-70%

Front 26

heroin used during the Vietnam war was inexpensive and 95% pure; led to operation ____ where all soldiers were tested before being allowed to return to the US

Back 26

golden flow

Front 27

narcotics come to the US from:

Back 27

Southeast Asia, Middle East, South America

Front 28

the primary global producers of heroin

Back 28

Afghanistan

Front 29

the __ is the main source of of nonsynthetic narcotics

Back 29

poppy

Front 30

raw opium is changed by a __

Back 30

heating process

Front 31

milky substance from the opium plant is incised out of the __ and air-dried to form brown gummy substance

Back 31

poppy capsule

Front 32

___ references opium when the main character Dorothy falls asleep in the midst of a poppy field

Back 32

The Wizard of Oz

Front 33

opium came to the US in the mid-1800's when ___ came to build railroads and work in mines

Back 33

chinese workers

Front 34

morphine has been used in all wars since ___ to treat pain, dysentery, and fatigue

Back 34

civil war

Front 35

__-the hypodermic syringe boosted the abuse of opium

Back 35

1853

Front 36

individuals who use narcotics on a occasional or weekend basis

Back 36

chippers

Front 37

relapse

Back 37

recidivism

Front 38

eliminating drugs from the body (THE FIRST STEP in most treatments)

Back 38

detoxification

Front 39

condition caused by an allergic reaction to contaminants used to cut or dilute drugs

Back 39

anaphylactic shock

Front 40

drugs derived from opium

Back 40

opioid

Front 41

combining heroin and cocaine

Back 41

speed balling

Front 42

"women's tonic"

Back 42

laudanum

Front 43

injecting a drug of abuse intravenously

Back 43

mainlining

Front 44

these people:
-called chippers
-seldom use drug more than once a day
-can keep drugs around without using them
-avoid drugs when known addicts are present
-seldom, if ever binge
-know the source and dealer
-take fro recreation or relaxation
-do not take drug to escape from life's daily hassles
-do not use drugs to alleviate depression

Back 44

controlled users

Front 45

natural narcotics

Back 45

derived from the opium poppy

Front 46

modified natural narcotics

Back 46

semisynthetic narcotics

Front 47

synthetic narcotics

Back 47

made in a lab

Front 48

endogenous opioids

Back 48

originate within the body

Front 49

derived from the opium poppy, the pod is slit and allowed to ooze overnight, then scrapped. done since 3000 BC

Back 49

opium

Front 50

created in 1803 by Friedrich Serturner of Germany
-used for moderate to intense pain
-used medically
-the standard that other narcotics are measured by
-named after morpheus, the greek god of dream

Back 50

morphine

Front 51

created in 1832, low potency (12x<morphine), used to treat mild to moderate pain, atitussives, most widely used naturally occurring narcotic

Back 51

Codeine

Front 52

stimulant vs depressant, minor component of opium, converted into other compounds

Back 52

theloaine

Front 53

opium derivative used uas an antispasmodic

Back 53

papaverine

Front 54

created in 1832, low potency (12x<morphine), used to treat mild to moderate pain, atitussives, most widely used naturally occurring narcotic

Back 54

Codeine

Front 55

stimulant vs depressant, minor component of opium, converted into other compounds

Back 55

theloaine

Front 56

opium derivative used uas an antispasmodic

Back 56

papaverine

Front 57

opium __x <Morphine

Back 57

10

Front 58

heroin __x > Morphine

Back 58

2-3

Front 59

fentanyl __x > Morphine

Back 59

1000-6000

Front 60

semisynthetic narcotics are __ of the synthetic opioids

Back 60

half

Front 61

substances that have been derived indirectly from a natural narcotic

Back 61

semisynthetic narcotic

Front 62

derived from morphine, 2-8x more potent then morphine

Back 62

hydomorphine

Front 63

derived from thebaine, moderate level

Back 63

oxycodone (pecodan)

Front 64

strong painkiller, derived from thebaine

Back 64

oxycontin

Front 65

derived from thebaine, 1000x potent as morphine, high danger of overdose, used to subdue animals

Back 65

etorphine

Front 66

discovered in 1874, derived from German word meaning "herotic"

Back 66

heroin

Front 67

derived from morphine, 90% of opioid abuse in the US, illegal, no longer medicinal, 2-3x more potent as morphine and faster, high danger of dependency

Back 67

heroin

Front 68

users who __ feel intense immediate reactions; euphoria (rush similar to a sexual orgasm) followed by anesthetizing sensations, then sleep and lethargy

Back 68

inject

Front 69

"black tar"

Back 69

40-80% pure

Front 70

china white

Back 70

90% pure

Front 71

immediate intense euphoria or sense of well being following a hit of heroin

Back 71

heroin rush

Front 72

__ depends on how heroin is produced and cut

Back 72

color

Front 73

crude heroin is __

Back 73

dark

Front 74

purified heroin is __

Back 74

white

Front 75

narcotics produced in a lab

Back 75

synthetic narcotics

Front 76

created in 2002, mild to moderate narcotic

Back 76

buprenophrine

Front 77

derived from morphine, 90% of opioid abuse in the US, illegal, no longer medicinal, 2-3x more potent as morphine and faster, high danger of dependency

Back 77

heroin

Front 78

users who __ feel intense immediate reactions; euphoria (rush similar to a sexual orgasm) followed by anesthetizing sensations, then sleep and lethargy

Back 78

inject

Front 79

"black tar"'s purity

Back 79

40-80% pure

Front 80

china white

Back 80

90% pure

Front 81

immediate intense euphoria or sense of well being following a hit of heroin

Back 81

heroin rush

Front 82

__ depends on how heroin is produced and cut

Back 82

color

Front 83

crude heroin is __

Back 83

dark

Front 84

purified heroin is __

Back 84

white

Front 85

narcotics produced in a lab

Back 85

synthetic narcotics

Front 86

created in 2002, mild to moderate narcotic

Back 86

buprenophrine

Front 87

substituted for heroin (detox) in 1943, 3-4 million users, up to 24 hours in duration, same potency as morphine

Back 87

methadone (dolophine)

Front 88

used for some heroin addiction treatment, 48-72 hours in duration

Back 88

levo-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM)

Front 89

made in 1957, low ptency

Back 89

propoxyphene (darvon)

Front 90

made in 1968, 200x more potent than morphine, used in surgery, designer heroins have been formulated (200-3000x more potency of morphine), immediate and short duration, over dosers die with needles in their arms

Back 90

fentanyl

Front 91

talwin

Back 91

pentazocaine

Front 92

gradual withdrawal from narcotics use

Back 92

detoxification

Front 93

clonidine, naltexone, naloxone, methadone

Back 93

drugs used to ween people of of strong narcotics

Front 94

naloxone and naltrexone

Back 94

narcotic antagonists, negates the effects of heroin

Front 95

constipation, drowsiness, mental clouding, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, itching, inability to urinate, constipation, decrease blood pressure, constricted pupils, abuse potential (heroin), drop in temperature, dilate blood vessels

Back 95

side effects of heroin use

Front 96

ways heroin enters the body

Back 96

oral, intramuscular, smoked, sniffed, snorted, subcutaneous (skin popping), intravenous (mainlining)

Front 97

over __% of heroin users are also HIV positive

Back 97

50

Front 98

how heroin is __ and the __ that is taken have a bearing on its effectiveness

Back 98

administered, dosage

Front 99

effect of heroin last about __ hours and wears off completely within about 24 hours

Back 99

4-6

Front 100

__ people are injecting heroin but __ are smoking it.

Back 100

fewer, more

Front 101

the drug used most frequently to treat heroin

Back 101

methadone

Front 102

from __ then number of prescription for painkiling drugs has grown dramatically (especially oxycontin)

Back 102

1996

Front 103

a natural opioid made in the body

Back 103

endogenous opioids

Front 104

naturally occurring neruochemicals, euphoria, painkiller (100x more potent than morphine) (runners high)

Back 104

enkephalins and endorphins

Front 105

help moderate your perception of pain

Back 105

endogenous opioids

Front 106

__ develops rapidly leading to incredibly large doses, abuse, psychological and physical addiction, severe withdrawal symptoms

Back 106

tolerance

Front 107

exaggerated pain, agitation, anxiety, stomach cramps, vomiting, muscle aches, runy nose, flu-like symptoms begins about 12 hours after last use, loss appetite, chills, fever, lasts for 5+ days)

Back 107

severe withdrawal (dope sickness)

Front 108

HIV, collapsed veins, blood poison, abscesses, hepatitis, injecting an air bubble

Back 108

problems because of methods of administration

Front 109

made in 1960, OTC cough syrup

Back 109

detromethorphan

Front 110

made in 1978, antihypertensive

Back 110

clonidine

Front 111

nerotransmitter that causes sedation, relaxation, drowsiness, and depression (decreases the normal level of function)

Back 111

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Front 112

the brain and spinal cord

Back 112

central nervous system (CNS)

Front 113

depressants __ the normal activity that goes on in the brain

Back 113

slow down

Front 114

the three groups of CNS depressants

Back 114

barbituates, benzodiazepines, and sleep medications

Front 115

sleep inducing, anxiety, nervousness, anestheitc, convulsions, mental disorders, epilepsy, schitzophrenia, back aches, multiple sclerosis, muscle strain, parkinsons

Back 115

medical uses for depressants

Front 116

depressants found on the illicit market are usually __ manufactured pharmaceuticals that have been diverted for illegal uses

Back 116

legitamantly

Front 117

produce relaxation and sometimes sleep, depending on the dose, inhibits CNS, decreases neural activity, slows down mental and body functions, calms, relaxes muscles, soothes, relieves feelings of tension, anxiety and irritability

Back 117

depressants

Front 118

a __ of depressants gives relaxation, calm, tranquility

Back 118

low dose

Front 119

relieve anxiety, fear and apprehension

Back 119

sedative

Front 120

a __ of depressants induces sleep

Back 120

high dose

Front 121

induces drowsiness, encourages sleep

Back 121

hypnotic

Front 122

depressants at the __ can cause anesthesia and are used during surgery

Back 122

highest dose

Front 123

depressants are __ dependent

Back 123

dose

Front 124

developed in germany in 1864, marketed in 1903 and are categorized by how long tehy act and how fast they work

Back 124

barbituaites

Front 125

at one point, over __ different barbituates existed. today its about a dozen

Back 125

50

Front 126

a derivative of barbituric acid that acts as a sedative or hypnotic

Back 126

barbituites

Front 127

-act by depressing the respiratory rate, BP, temperature, CNS
-have a high addictive potential

Back 127

barbituites

Front 128

-prescribed primarliy for sleep; treatment of convulsions, diabetes, anxiety, anesthetic
-effects are modified by differences in users, previous experience, dosage, set and setting, and how administered
-effects coordination, attention span, reaction time and can be fatal because they alter heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
-no longer used by most clinicians because of their severe side effects and high potential for abuse
-still used as a general anesthetic

Back 128

barbitaits

Front 129

-chemically different from barbituates but produce the same effects
-increase sedation and sleep while reducing anxiety
-many are no longer used by most clinitians

Back 129

nonbarbituates

Front 130

chloral hydrate: knockout drops, induces sleep
paraldehyde: used with severely disturbed metal patients, produces horrible smell and bad breath
methaqualone" relieves tension and anxiety without barbiturate like aftereffects; but is extremely addictive and has severe withdrawal effects; removed from the market in 1985
meprobamate: nonbarbiturate that is a minor tranquilzer used to treate psychosomatic conditions; low margin of safety; physical dependence; rarely prescribed today

Back 130

nonbarbiturates

Front 131

currently 14 on the market: valium, ambien, xanax, halcion, librium

Back 131

tranquilizers

Front 132

most common and safeset prescribed drug to relieve anxiety, induce sleep, relaxation of muscles and lower back pain, reduce panic attacks and epilepsy and controls seizures

Back 132

tranquilizers

Front 133

penzodiazepines are often used as __ medications but certain ones are promoted as hypnotics or as anticonvulsant drugs

Back 133

antianxiety

Front 134

drugs used to treat allergies (dihenhydramine, hydroxyzine, promethazine)

Back 134

antihistamines

Front 135

nausea, lethargy, vomiting, upset stomach, blurred vision, hangover, fever, skin rash, impaired judgment, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, vertigo, diarrhea, violent behavior, repiratory failure, disruptive personality changes, loss of memory

Back 135

depressant side effects

Front 136

profuse sweating, insomnia, muscular twitching, paranoia, vomiting, aches and pains, cramps, quick temper, nightmares, hallucinations, seizures

Back 136

withdrawal symptoms

Front 137

__ of patients who are severly dependent on CNS depressants can be very unpleasant and even dangerous

Back 137

detoxification

Front 138

LONG TERM USE OF ANY DEPRESSANT WILL LEAD TO ___

Back 138

DEPNDANCE, TOLERANCE, AND WITHDRAWAL

Front 139

a plant that contains naturally occurring CNS depressants included in herbal teas

Back 139

kava kava

Front 140

ordinairy __ are misused as inhalants

Back 140

household products

Front 141

methods of administration for inhalents

Back 141

-squeezed into a bag, on a hankerchifs, socks or rags, placed over teh nose and inhavled
-spraying aerosols directly into the mouth or nose
-rapidly absorbed through the lungs and into teh bloodstream and quickly distributed to teh brain and other organs

Front 142

-used in dental practices
-used in minor surgery
-nitrates: diatlate blood vessels and relax muscles
-treat for congestive heart failure
-antidote for cyanide poisoning

Back 142

medical uses for inhalents

Front 143

inhalants have __ like properities

Back 143

anesthetic (sedative-hypnotic depressant)

Front 144

inhalants are often the __ drugs kids abuse because they are legally obtained, inexpensive, and easy to conceal

Back 144

first

Front 145

inhalants are dangerous because a person can die on the first use from serious __

Back 145

cardiac arrhythmia (sudden sniffing death syndrome)

Front 146

___: joseph priestly (british chemist) synthesized nitrous oxide (used as an anesthetic)

Back 146

1776

Front 147

__: inhalants were highly abused in teh US because you could get a drunkenness without consuming alcohol

Back 147

1800's

Front 148

__: inhalants were first used as an anesthetic in dental practice, spread to use in other surgeries

Back 148

1840

Front 149

__: OTC nitrates were abused to enhance sexual stamina and pleasure

Back 149

1960

Front 150

__: saw an increase of teh use of inhalants in the US

Back 150

1960's

Front 151

__: products sold as aromas or incense containing butyl nitrite

Back 151

1968

Front 152

__: nitrates were banned in OTC forms

Back 152

1991

Front 153

inhalants are the __ leading type of substance abuse among high schools in the US

Back 153

4th

Front 154

psychoactive ingredient found in aerosols and solvents

Back 154

toluene

Front 155

an early inhalant, dating back to teh 1700's, a volatile, highly flammable liquid

Back 155

ether

Front 156

laughing gas, a sweet colorless inorganic gas used as an anesthetic

Back 156

nitros oxide

Front 157

brain damage resulting from inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain

Back 157

hypoxia

Front 158

inhalant used to treat angia pectoris and congestive heart failure

Back 158

amyl nitrate

Front 159

type of nitrate used to treat angina causes vasodilation, flusing, and warmth

Back 159

isobutyl nitrate

Front 160

found in perfume and antifreeze

Back 160

butyl nitrate

Front 161

readily evaporated at low temperatures

Back 161

volatile

Front 162

ability to cause feelings of pleasure and well being

Back 162

euphorigenic

Front 163

an irregular heartbeat

Back 163

arrhythmia

Front 164

sniffing rags soaked in solvent fluid and held over nose

Back 164

huffing

Front 165

inhaling vapors from a bag

Back 165

bagging

Front 166

inhaling vapors directly from their origial containers

Back 166

sniffing or snorting

Front 167

volatile substances that produce chemical vapors that are inhaled or sniffed

Back 167

inhalant

Front 168

dilate blood vessels and relax muscles

Back 168

nitrates

Front 169

inhalants are classified by __

Back 169

how they are used

Front 170

four classifications of inhalants:

Back 170

-volatile hydrocarbon solvents
-aerosols
-anesthetics (gases)
-nitrates

Front 171

-liquids that vaporize at room temp
-adhesives, glues, household solvents

Back 171

volatile hydrocarbon solvents

Front 172

-sprays that contain propellants and solvents
-spray paints, hair sprays, fabric sprays

Back 172

Anesthetics (gases)

Front 173

-vasodilators, amyl, butyl, and isobutyl
-used to enhance sex

Back 173

nitrates

Front 174

short term effects of inhalants. these last about ___
-drooling, hazy, nausea, sneezing, euphoria, gidiness, reduced inhibitions, coughing hypersensitivity, loss of coordination, intoxication, red and watery eyes, haedaches, slurred speech and sniffles

Back 174

30-40 min

Front 175

two severe reactions and long term effects of inhalants are__, __ and __

Back 175

liver and kidney damage, possible brain damage, and cardiac arrest

Front 176

drugs used at all night raves, parties, dance clubs and bars or trance scenes to enhance sensory experience

Back 176

club drugs

Front 177

fairly cheap with an intoxicating high

Back 177

club drugs

Front 178

called "drug assisted assault" drugs, colorless, odorless, tasteless drugs that leaves victim powerless, helpless, defenseless, vulerable and unable to recall details, affects short term memory

Back 178

date rape drugs

Front 179

most date rape drugs are __

Back 179

benzodiazepines

Front 180

teh effects of date rap drugs are greatly enhanced when mixed with __

Back 180

alcohol

Front 181

increased use of date rape drugs have led to the passage of the __. this increased federal penalties for use of any controlled substance to aid in sexual assult

Back 181

drug induced rape prevention and punishment act of 1996

Front 182

gamma y-hydroxybutyrate; (liquid ecstasy, soap, easy lay, vita-G, Georgia home boy) neurotransmitter that produces relaxation and sleepiness, coma and seizures, also found naturally in the body (GABA)

Back 182

GHB

Front 183

-euphoric, sedative, availible OTC until 1992, purchased by body builders to aid in fat reduction and muscle building, body builders to stimulate release of growth hormone
-general anesthesia, treatment for insomnia and narcolepsy, treatment for alcohol and narcotic dependence

Back 183

GHB

Front 184

(benzodiazepine) roofies, roach, and rope, powerful depressant (5-10x more than valium
-incapacitaion, amnesia, can be lethal if dose is high enough, not allowed for sale in US, brought in from other countires

Back 184

rohypnol

Front 185

dissociative anesthetic; feel sepearated from reality, an out of body experience, an anesthetic that has been approved fro both human and animal used in medical settings since 1970 about 90% legally sold is for veterinary use

Back 185

ketamine

Front 186

causes dreamlike states and hallucinations, in high doses can cuase delirium, amnesia, impoaired motor funcitons, high BP, depression and potentially fatal respiratory problems
-frequently used as a general anesthtic for ventrinary procedures

Back 186

ketamine

Front 187

a synthetic psychoactive drug chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline

Back 187

MDMA (ecstacy)

Front 188

__: ecstacy was found on teh streets

Back 188

1912

Front 189

characterized by a sharp increase in body temp resulting in liver, kidney, and cardiovascular system failure; leads to changes in brain function affecting cognitive tasks andmemory, leads to bouts of depressoin
-affects neurottransmitter serotonin (possibly depleats is supply semi permenantly)

Back 189

MDMA ecstacy

Front 190

the dissociative drugs act by altering teh distribution of teh neurotransmitter __ throughout the brain

Back 190

glutamate

Front 191

__ is involved in perception of pain, responses to the environment, and memory

Back 191

glutamate

Front 192

drugs such as PCP and ketamine which were originally developed as general __ distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment, dissociation from the environment and self.

Back 192

anesthetics

Front 193

a widely availibly cough suppressant, when taken in high doses can produce effects similar to those of PCP and ketamine

Back 193

dextrometorphan

Front 194

stimulants are drugs that cause __.

Back 194

the heart to beat faster, and BP and metabolism to increase

Front 195

-treat asthma, narcolepsy, fatigue, short-term weight loss, ADHD, nasal congestion, depression sometimes used to maintain cancer pain

Back 195

some medical uses for stimulants

Front 196

stimulants work on the neruotranmitter
__

Back 196

dopamine

Front 197

long term use of stimulnants may __ the amount of dopamine or number of dopamine receptors in the brain.

Back 197

reduce

Front 198

when a person stops taking a stimulant they crave the drug because without it he or she can't feel much pleasure. they __

Back 198

dont feel normal

Front 199

minors chewed __ a mild stimulant to keep them going during the work day

Back 199

coca

Front 200

__ Niemann purified cocaine added to lozenges, teas, wine, and eventually coca-cola (kola nuts and cocaine) and tobacco

Back 200

1859

Front 201

cocain re-emerged in teh 1960's-70's to replace __

Back 201

amphetamine

Front 202

a combination of tobacco and cociane

Back 202

cocarettes

Front 203

a stable compound of cocaine, this is a fine powerder that can be snorted through the nasal passage. it cannot be smoked

Back 203

cocaine hydrochloride

Front 204

having contaminating substances mixed in to dilute the drug (sugar, talc, arsenic, liocaine, strychnine, etc.)

Back 204

adulterated

Front 205

__ caused more premature births, miscarriages, low birth weight, abnomalities, hyperactivity, and possible brain damage to children of women taking the drug

Back 205

cocaine

Front 206

-addiction
-irritability and mood disturbances
-resltessness
-paranoia
-auditroy hallucinations

Back 206

long term effects of cocaine

Front 207

-increased energy
-decreased appetite
-mental alertness
-increased heart rate and blood pressure
-constricted blood vessels
-increased temp
-dilated pupils

Back 207

short term effects of cocaine

Front 208

-cardiovascular disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks
-respiratory pain and failure
-strokes
-seizures and headaches
-abdominal pain and nausea

Back 208

medical consequences of taking cocaine

Front 209

__ cocaine appears as a white crystaline powder

Back 209

pure

Front 210

crack cocaine is the __ form of cocaine and appears as white gravel, slivers, or rocks

Back 210

most addictive

Front 211

year that crack cocaine was sythesized

Back 211

1985

Front 212

crack cocaine is __ , as opposed to cocaine hydrochloride

Back 212

smokable

Front 213

intesnsified form of cocaine now considered one of the most addictive, called poor mans cocaine
-usually smoked in a pipe or mixed with marijuana
-feeling is short, intense, electifying, euphoria

Back 213

crack

Front 214

crack is __ then cocaine

Back 214

cheaper

Front 215

made by mixing cocaine with baking soda and water and then heating the mixture

Back 215

crack

Front 216

-synthetic, developed as a decongestant
-marketed in 1932 as an inhaler (benzedrine) to treat asthma and congestion

Back 216

amphetamines

Front 217

amphetamines where synthesized in what year

Back 217

1887

Front 218

potent stimulant used to treat narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

Back 218

amphetamine

Front 219

-abuse high in the military, truck drivers, students studying for exams, diet pills high profile individuals
-lasts several hours
causes an arousal alertness, elevates mood, incresese HR and BP
-cause one to be hypersensitive which turns to anxiety, extreme mood swings
-hallucinations, involuntary shaking, severe apprehension, and panic

Back 219

amphetamines

Front 220

abuse of amphetamines peaked in the __

Back 220

late 60's

Front 221

the from an amphetamine has been compared to an intense __

Back 221

"whole body" orgasm

Front 222

a more potent amphetamine
-cheaper, high lasts longer
-powerfully addictive CNS stimulant
even single doses can cause permanent damage to nerve terminals

Back 222

methamphetamine

Front 223

both crack and meth lead to __

Back 223

binging

Front 224

pysical activity skyrockets, loose appetite, loose desire to sleep, paranoi, aggressive behavior, violnce, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle twitches, uncontrolled movments, jow clenching, acne, elevates R, BP, HR, BT, convusions

Back 224

short term effects of meth

Front 225

sores, tooth decay, anxiety, paranoia, insomnia, psychotic behavior, violence, homicidal or suicidal thoughts, elevated BP, strokes, heart infections, kidney and liver damage, brain damage similar to alzheimers, increaed risk of HIV and hepatitis, death

Back 225

long term effects of meth

Front 226

-caffeine (coffee, cola)
-theophyline (tea)
-theobomine (chocolate)

Back 226

xanthine family (minor stimulants)

Front 227

caffeine's effects peak __

Back 227

30-40 minutes

Front 228

bitter tasting, odorless compound -extracted from the fruit of the coffee arabica plant
-found in coffee, cocoa, chocolate, colas, medications, etc

Back 228

caffeine

Front 229

pysical activity skyrockets, loose appetite, loose desire to sleep, paranoi, aggressive behavior, violnce, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle twitches, uncontrolled movments, jow clenching, acne, elevates R, BP, HR, BT, convusions

Back 229

short term effects of meth

Front 230

-increases cellular activity, increases in temp, BP, and general body chemistry, respiration, alertness and mood, opens air passage ways

Back 230

caffeine

Front 231

sores, tooth decay, anxiety, paranoia, insomnia, psychotic behavior, violence, homicidal or suicidal thoughts, elevated BP, strokes, heart infections, kidney and liver damage, brain damage similar to alzheimers, increaed risk of HIV and hepatitis, death

Back 231

long term effects of meth

Front 232

development of __ aka the consumption of 500-700 mg of caffeine daily led to mood swings, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, laxative/diarrhea, shaking, ned to urinate and cuase hydration, excessive urnation, sweating, feelings of tiredness, irregular HR, changes in BP, stomach pain, and ulcers

Back 232

caffenism

Front 233

-caffeine (coffee, cola)
-theophyline (tea)
-theobomine (chocolate)

Back 233

xanthine family (minor stimulants)

Front 234

caffeine's effects peak __

Back 234

30-40 minutes

Front 235

caffeine can be __

Back 235

fatal

Front 236

bitter tasting, odorless compound -extracted from the fruit of the coffee arabica plant
-found in coffee, cocoa, chocolate, colas, medications, etc

Back 236

caffeine

Front 237

the impure form of caffeine is __

Back 237

unsafe

Front 238

you should keep caffeine consumption to __ mg daily

Back 238

300

Front 239

-increases cellular activity, increases in temp, BP, and general body chemistry, respiration, alertness and mood, opens air passage ways

Back 239

caffeine

Front 240

development of __ aka the consumption of 500-700 mg of caffeine daily led to mood swings, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, laxative/diarrhea, shaking, ned to urinate and cuase hydration, excessive urnation, sweating, feelings of tiredness, irregular HR, changes in BP, stomach pain, and ulcers

Back 240

caffenism

Front 241

caffeine can be __

Back 241

fatal

Front 242

the impure form of caffeine is __

Back 242

unsafe

Front 243

you should keep caffeine consumption to __ mg daily

Back 243

300

Front 244

the solvent used to take the caffeine out of the coffee bean is a potential __

Back 244

carcinogen

Front 245

the number one drug of choice for many americans

Back 245

caffeine

Front 246

coffee is the __ consumed beverage in the world

Back 246

most

Front 247

multiple administratoins of a stimulant every 1-2 hours over a period of days

Back 247

fan

Front 248

short intense generalized sensation of total well-being experienced within minutes after intravenous injection racing HR and elevated BP

Back 248

rush or flash

Front 249

disturbing period of mental depression when person stops taking a CNS stimulant, ends with prolonged sleep (48 hours)

Back 249

crash

Front 250

conversion of cocaine into an alkaline form for smoking, reduces impurities

Back 250

free basing

Front 251

__ is a smokable form of methamphetamine

Back 251

ice

Front 252

a freebase form of methamphetamine that is smoked in pipe at a temp of around 100 degrees

Back 252

ice

Front 253

injectable methamphetamine

Back 253

speed

Front 254

injecting combination of cocaine and heroin

Back 254

speedballing

Front 255

someone who uses meth over a period of time; goes on binges, shooting up every few hours over the course of several days

Back 255

speed freak

Front 256

drugs that suppress appetite for food

Back 256

anoreximants

Front 257

regular use of stimulants leads to __, __, and __

Back 257

tolerance, addiction, and withdrawal

Front 258

-effects CNS/cardiovascular systems
-depression
-sleep abnormalities
-cravings
-agitaion
-mood swings
distortions
delusions (called a crash)
-can last from hours to 8-10 days but depressions that follows can last for weeks, months, or years

Back 258

cocaine withdrawal and addiction

Front 259

-excessive prolonged use leads to weight loss
-sores and nonhealing ulcers
-liver disease and kidney damage
-hypertensive disorders, cerebral hemorrhage and heart attack
-seizures, aggression, and unpredictable behavior
-delusions of extraordinary abilities
-violence, reslessness, and agitaion
-hallucinations and paranoia

Back 259

side effects of using stimulants

Front 260

the dose, purity, the method of administration mid set of user and the social and psychological setting

Back 260

what the side effects of stimulants are dependant on

Front 261

methods of administration for stimulants

Back 261

-ingestion (swallow, drink tea)
-inhalation (snorting, most common method; peak effects in 10-15 min)
-intravenous (peaks effects in 30 sec)
-smoked (peak effects in seconds)
-absorbion (chewing or rubbing in mouth or around gential area)

Front 262

the most common method of stimulant administration

Back 262

inhalation (snorting)

Front 263

synthetic powerful stimulant the produces a burst of energy and a prolonged euphoria

Back 263

metcathinone (KAT) 1991

Front 264

natural extract of shrub, approved as decongestant but used as diet pill, used by athletes to make weight

Back 264

ephedrine

Front 265

mild CNS stimulant used for depression, narcolepsy, ADHD (hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention) in children, schedule II drug

Back 265

methylphenidate (Ritalin) 1937

Front 266

ADHD is the __ identified childhood psychotic behavior

Back 266

number 1

Front 267

hallucinogens affect the neurotranmitter receptor of __ which is an inhibitory leading to rapid emotional swings and altered perceptions delusions and visual hallucinations

Back 267

seratonin

Front 268

substance that produces psychological effects that are normally asociated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religous exaltation

Back 268

hallucinogen

Front 269

produces changes in perception, thought, and feeling, ranging from distortions of what is sensed (illusions) to sensing objects where none exist (hallucinations)
-highten sensory signals but this is often accompanied by loss of control over what is experienced

Back 269

hallucinogens

Front 270

hallucinogens have __ medical uses

Back 270

no accepted

Front 271

LSD is listed as a Schedule _ drug

Back 271

I

Front 272

used in veterinary medicine as an analgesia and tranquilizer

Back 272

LSD

Front 273

a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically but not necessarily limited to the physical senses

Back 273

dissociative

Front 274

agent which produces a local or general loss of sensation including pain

Back 274

anesthetics

Front 275

there is little evidence of physical dependance for these:

Back 275

hallucinogens

Front 276

-heavily used in the 60's and declined in the 70's
-"trip" depends on dose, mind set emotional make-up, and expectations

Back 276

hallucinogens

Front 277

-heightened senses
-loss of sensory control
-self-reflection or introspection
-loss of identity or sense of cosmic merging

Back 277

four major effects of hallucinogens

Front 278

__: LSD introduced to US to treat mental illness, used by artists and musicians to enhance creativity, and by government as a mild control agent and truth serum

Back 278

1949

Front 279

__ (harvard professor) and league of spirtual discovery attempted to legalize LSD in 1960's

Back 279

timothy leary

Front 280

__: FDA appealed LSD as a new drug for investigation for mental illness, especially schizophernia to help them develop personal insight and to recall forgotten or repressed experiences also to treat migrane headaches

Back 280

1953

Front 281

__: nonmedical interest to deal with problems of society, social upheaval, vietnam war, the establishment, turn on and tune in

Back 281

1960's

Front 282

as popularity of LSD grew, so did the __ effects

Back 282

negative

Front 283

__: LSD, peyote/mescaline, muschroom/psilocybin and similar drugs became illegal

Back 283

1963

Front 284

used as a sacramental plant by members of the native american church as part of their religious ceremony

Back 284

peyote

Front 285

class of drug that induce distortion in time, space, alters sensory processing in the brain, causing changes in thought processing

Back 285

hallucinogen

Front 286

term used to describe hallucinogenic drugs, stimulating and inebriating

Back 286

phantasticants

Front 287

mind manifesting, mind altering properties of naturally occurring hallucinogenic plant substances, heighten perception and consciousness

Back 287

psychedelic

Front 288

refer to drugs that produce psychotic-like symptoms

Back 288

psychotomimetic

Front 289

drugs that generate psychosis

Back 289

sychoteogenic

Front 290

mingling of senses exaggerated seeing sounds and hearing colors, walk on water and fly through the air

Back 290

synesthesia

Front 291

repetitions of teh drugs effect without use of drug, often times called a free trip, days, weeks or months later

Back 291

flashbacks

Front 292

ergot poisoning muscle tremors, burning, mania, delirium, hallucinaitons, gangrene, convulsions, death

Back 292

ergotism

Front 293

body image is distorted, user becomes one with something or someone else, repressed memories

Back 293

depresonalization

Front 294

intense nightmarish loss of emotional control with delusions, panic attacks and catatonic seizures

Back 294

freakout

Front 295

intense fear, panic, paranoid, delusions, confusion, depression, bodily disomfort

Back 295

psychotic experience

Front 296

lucid or clear thought, ability to view problems from a unique perspective

Back 296

cognitive experience

Front 297

fascinating changes in sensations and perceptions, intensificaiton of senses

Back 297

esthetic experience

Front 298

emergence of unconscious or forgotten material into ones consciousness, reliving

Back 298

psychodynamic experience

Front 299

feeling of unity, joy, peace, reverence, wonder, insight

Back 299

transcendental/mystical experience

Front 300

there is __ that supports that psychedelic drugs increases creativity

Back 300

no research

Front 301

3 types of psychedelic agents

Back 301

1. LSD types: produce pharmacological effects of tradition psychedelics
2. Phenylethlamines: amphetamine like effects
3. anticholinergics: block receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Front 302

lysergic acid

Back 302

LSD

Front 303

derived from ergot fungus,

Back 303

diethylanide

Front 304

created LSD in 1938 while trying to synthesize a drug to study psychosis

Back 304

albert hofmann

Front 305

-euphoria with crying or laughing: 1-2 hours
-visual hallucinations (2-3 horus)
-distortion of time, disintegration, mood swings, panic: 3-4 hours

Back 305

stages of LSD

Front 306

-sold in form of pellets, gelatin chips, and squares of absorbant paper
-ordorless, colorless, tastless
-usually taken orally
-no fatal overdose has been documented but people die b/c of their behavior while on the drug

Back 306

LSD

Front 307

derived from cactus (the fleshy green tips are dried for use, low potency short and less intense

Back 307

Peyote/mescaline

Front 308

-derived from "magic mushrooms considered sacred, ingested, short and less intense hallucinogen
-more potent than mescaline and less toxic, unpleasant taste

Back 308

mushroom/psilcybin

Front 309

-new hallucinogenic drug
-derived from sage family
-used spirtiually in mexico
-produces psychoactive effect when smoked
-when ingested are less intense but but last longer
-no illegal yet but may be soon

Back 309

salvia divinorum/salvinorin A

Front 310

-derived from various plant oils including sassafras, is very similar to both mescaline and amphetamines
-ingested, sniffed, or injected

Back 310

MDA....Phenylethylamine?..

Front 311

-bitter alkaloid substances
-removed from OTCs in early 1980's
-belladonna, mandrake, henbane

Back 311

anticholinergic