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150 Cards in this Set
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Who created psychoanalysis |
Sigmund Freud Most thoeires of counseling and Psychotherapy influence by his theories principles and techniques |
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Sigmund frued early life |
Early childhood experiences played a role in the development of his theory -brother dying young -Jewish culture -growing up in large family Opened private practice Lectured internationally Many publications |
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Key concepts in psychoanalysis |
Medical model Levels of consciousness Instincts Personality structure Psychosexual stages of development Defense mechanisms |
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What is psychoanalysis |
Insight and understanding into what influenced and individuals thoughts, feelings and behaviors is most important
Focuses in biological sexual and aggressive instincts as primary motivators for behavior
Process of exploring and understanding the unconscious past experiences in the material people present in counseling |
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What does psychoanalysis focus on |
Focus is on the unconscious, past experiences, and stages of development
Key theme: conflict/ tensions |
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What are the 3 levels of consciousness |
Conscious (ego) Preconscous (superego) Unconscious (id) |
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Conscious |
Material in our minds that we are aware of
Only a thin slice of total personality |
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Preconscious |
Material in our minds that is readily accessible
Memories and experiences |
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Unconscious |
Repressed memories, urges, drives, needs, motivations that are out of awareness and impact us the most-exists below the surface
-exists below the surface
Root of all forms of neurotic systems and behaviors |
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What are some clinical evidence that suggests unconscious |
Dreams Slips of the tounge Posthypnotic suggestions Material derived from free association Symbolic content of psychotic systems |
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Deterministic view of human nature |
Our behavior is determined by the interplay of various conscious and unconscious forces
Including -irrational forces -unconscious motivations -biological and instinctual drives
Sexual and aggressive drives are powerful determinats of why people act as they do |
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Two types of instincts |
Life instincts (Eros)
Death instincts (Thanatos) |
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Life instincts (Eros) |
Oriented towards growth, development and creativity
Includes all pleasurable acts -limnido (sexual energy)
Serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race |
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Death instincts (Thanatos) |
Oriented towards aggression and destruction of self and others
People manifest through their behavior on unconscious wish to die or to hurt themselves or others
Managing aggressive drives is a major challenge for humans |
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Three structures of personality |
3 systems that operate as a whole
ID ego Super ego
A bounded system of energy in every person: but the amount of energy is limited so one system gains control over the available energy at the expense of the other two systems |
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Id |
Comprises the basic instincts and drives of the human being
These instincts are irrational and impulsive and rooted in the unconscious
Illogical, amoral, driven to satisfy instinctual needs
Rules by the pleasure principle -seeks immediate gratification
Present from birth (at birth we are all ID) -primary scoure of personality |
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Ego |
The executor of the mind
Functions as a means of mediating the impulses of the Id and the inhibitions of the super ego
Resides in the conscious mind -can be thought of as the logical mind -has a direct contact with reality
Works to appease the Id in a socially acceptable way
Governs, controls and regulates personality
Rules by the reality principle |
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Superego |
The judge of the mind
Internalizes values and moral standards of parents and society
In young children it is not totally formed until older and adolescents
Ruled by moral prociple
Seeks perfection
Represents the ideal rather than the real
Conscience |
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What is the pleasure principle |
Reduce tension Avoid pain Gain pleasure |
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What is the reality principle |
Realistic and logical thinking |
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What is moral principle |
The judicial branch of personality
Main concern is whether an action is right or wrong |
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How is superego related to psychological rewards and punishments |
Rewards with feelings of pride and self love
Punishes with feelings of guilt and inferiority |
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Psychosexual stages of personality development |
Oral (birth to 18) Anal (18 to 3 years) Phallic (3 years to 6 years) Latency (6 years to puberty) Genital (puberty through adulthood |
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Oral stage |
Pleasure us associated with mouth
Sucking biting breastfeeding |
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Anal stage |
Pleasure is associated with the Anus (defecating)
Youth become aware of their individuality and their ability to self control |
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Phallic stage |
Pleasure is concentrated on the genitals (rubbing or masterbastion)
And the increased awareness of sec differences can create internal conflicts such as jealousy, rivalry and or fear
Oedipus complex or Electra complex |
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Latency stage |
The libido becomes dormant or even hidden
Youth focus on acquisition of skills, hobbies and new areas of knowledge |
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Genital stage |
Encompasses the process of sexual experimentation and successful establishment of a loving monogamous relationship |
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Eriksons psychosocial stages of development |
Basic psychological and social tasks to be mastered from infancy through old age
Expansion on psychosexual theory -growth takes place together
During each stage a crisis must be resolved in order to move forward |
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Eriksons psychosocial stages |
Trust vs Mistrust (frist year)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3) childhood
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6) preschool age
Industry vs inferiority (6-12) school age
Identity vs role confusion (12- 18) adolescence
Intimacy vs isolation (18-35) young adulthood
Generativity vs stagnation (35-60) middle age
Integrity vs despair (60+) later life |
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Trust vs Mistrust (frist year) |
Trust depends on successful bonding with mother and needs are met
Mistrust comes from lack of acceptable care or maternal inconsistency |
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Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3) childhood |
Young children gain control over bodily functions (feeding walking)
Shame comes from lack of sufficient parental support in learning these skills |
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Initiative vs Guilt (3-6) preschool age |
Children identify with parents as role models
Learn to imitate adults
If parents do not support or criticize their efforts a sense of guilt results |
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Industry vs inferiority (6-12) school age |
Children learn physical and academic and social skills
Basic competencies of life
Become frustrated when child feels inferior |
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Identity vs role confusion (12- 18) adolescence |
Adolescence is a time of struggle in which teens learn to acquire adult identities and value systems of their own
Fragmentation and role confusion results from incomplete resolution |
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Intimacy vs isolation (18-35) young adulthood |
Greater intimacy with opposite sex partners
Unsuccessful relationships are sterile and unfulfilljng or loneliness happens if relationship needs cannot be bet |
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Generativity vs stagnation (35-60) middle age |
Meaningful work and rearing children contribute to a successful life and there is a concern for the next generation
Unsuccessful resolution results in self absorption or self centeredness |
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Integrity vs despair (60+) later life |
The successful senior accepts their life and achivments
Despair results from a sense of failure in life |
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Three types of anxiety |
Reality anxiety Neurotic anxiety Moral anxiety |
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Reality anxiety |
Fear of danger from external world
Proportionate to actual threat |
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Neurotic anxiety |
Fear of instincts getting out of hand
(I will do somtheing I will get punished for)
Evoked by threats to balance of power within the person
Feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings memories and desires |
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Moral anxiety |
Fear of one's own conscience
Guilty feelings from violating one own moral code
Is evoked by threats to balance of power within the person
Feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings memories and desires |
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Development an anxiety control |
The ego is in constant conflict with the Id, supergo and reality
If the ego gives into Id demands then the superego punishes the ego with guilt
If the ego does not give into the id then the person experiences constant pressure until an outlet is found
When the ego cannot control anxiety by rational or direct methods it uses indirect ones like ego defense behaviors |
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What are ego defense mechanisms |
To relieve the pressures of the Id the ego uses defense mechanisms to advice experiencing the anxiety from conflict
Theu help to cope with anxiety and prevent ego from getting overwhelmed
Are normal behaviors that have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality |
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Two common characteristics of defense mechanisms |
Theh either deny or distort reality They operate on an unconscious level |
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What is the overal therapeutic goal of psychoanalysis |
Over all goal is to achieve a balance between superior and I'd
to bring the unconscious into the conscious and to strengthen the egos ability to act based on reality
When unconscious is made conscious the individual can exercise individual choice |
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What are some other therapeutic goals of psychoanalysis |
Improve overall functioning and reduce conflict by worthing through childhood experiences
Increase adaptive functioning which involves the reduction of symptoms and resolution of conflicts
Create a personality change by exploring past experiences (not just behavior)
Achieving insight but not just an intellectual understanding |
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What is the therapist's role in psychoanalysis |
Therapist's encourage clients to openly share thoughts, feelings and experiences and actively listen to find clues into the unconscious -use interventions like free association, questions and interpretations
Help clients gain insight and behave in healthier ways to manage anxiety
Dealing effectively with resistance |
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What is the blank screen approach |
Is the anonymous stance therapist's take on to facilitate transference |
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What is transference |
Clients project onto the therapist the characteristics of another individual, and react to the therapist as though the therapist really does possess those characteristics
Usally a parent or caregiver
Refers to the clients tendency to view the therapist in terms that are shaped by their experiences with important caregivers and other significant figures who played important roles during developmental process |
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What happens in Transference |
The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant other
The clients unconscious shifting of feelings onto the analyst |
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Working through transference |
Repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material (early childhood) and defense mechanisms
Strengthens he ego |
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Three staged of working through transference |
1) elicit repressed material
2) the original dysfunctional pattern re emerges now in terms of the transference to the therapist
3) the origins of the transference are understood and resolved which helps client relate in healthier ways because ego is strengthened |
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Countertransference |
The therapist's feelings about the client
The reaction of the therapist toward the client that mat interfere with objectivity
Therapist's lose their objectivity because their own conflicts are triggered
Need to be avoided in classical psychoanalysis |
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Some techniques of psychoanalysis |
Maintaining the analytic framework Free association Analysis Interpretation Dream analysis Abreaction Dealing with resistance |
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Maintaining the analytic framework |
Therapist uses a range of procedural and stylistic factors
Analysts relative anonymity Consistency of meetings |
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Free association |
Clients say whatever comes to mind and therapist's point out omissions, discrepancies and excesses without judging Used to recall feelings and repressed memories which can lead to catharsis
Omissions -things thar are not said, done or felt but likely should have been given the situation
Discrepancies -observed disagreement between things said and done
Excesses -overreactions, overdramatic emotions or extreme behaviors related to benign events that do not justify such behavior |
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Analysis |
Exploring the unconscious |
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Interpretation (fundamental technique) |
Process Elucidating the unconscious meaning of the symbols in material that clients present and of linking those new insights to their present concerns and blocks
Link the behaviors, thoughts, feelings within clients awareness and clients unconscious including defenses, wishes, past experiences and dreams
Cam be used through direct observation, indirect presentation, therapeutic relationship and therapist's perspective Consider using questions and providing information to help clients make interpretations |
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Dream analysis |
Latent and manifest content of dreams are explored to discover clues into unconscious
Manifest content: actual content of dream Latent contenct: underlying meanings
Therapist uses the royal road to the unconscious to bring unconscious material to light
Anna Freud recommended using jt with younger people |
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Abreaction |
Reliving and recalling a painful experience that was repressed and working through that experience and the conflicts it created by reliving in memory, the experience and it's associated emotions Promotes catharsis and emotional change Used today in most counseling approaches to process through unresolved emotions and distressing events
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Dealing with resistance |
Working to reduce clients defenses that may impede progress
Viewed as a defense mechanism to disrupt therapeutic progress
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What is resistance |
Blocking of counseling progress and involves clients ceasing to discuss, address, think about or accept an interpretation from a therapist (Wasting time in sessions) |
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Who should therapist's attuned to resistance |
See it as a learning opportunity Be respectful Slow down the pace of therapy Ask for more detail about experiences Use Immediacy to explore resistance |
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What are the most important techniques in psychoanalysis |
Aim is to increase insight
Exploration of repressed material to gain awareness about connection between past experiences and present difficulties to promote postive change
(Anaylosis and interpretation of resistance and transference) |
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Important tips for interpretation techniques |
Be cautious and respectful as interpretations from therapist can be new to clients Make sure interpretations are well timed and be authentic about the reason behind the interpretation Use tentative language to give clients the autonomy to agree or disagree with the interpretation |
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Psychoanalysis application to group counseling |
Group work provides a rich framework for working though transference feelings Group becomes a microcosm of members everyday lives Projections onto leader and members are close to unresolved conflicts that can be identified, explored and worked through in the Group Pushing to rapidly or offering ill timed interpretations will render the process ineffective |
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Current use for psychoanalysis |
Beneficial for people with minor and moderate psychopathology and some success/ satisfaction in life rather than those with severe psychopathology People with neuroses (thought, mood and beahvioiral disorders) are more likely to benefit than people with psychoses (loss of touch with reality) Little application due to extensive resources Schools in ber cities containe to flourish |
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Empirical support of psychoanalysis |
Lack of empirical support for traditional psychoanalysis but support for effectiveness psychodynamic approaches -focus on interpersonal relationship -therapy is an interaction process between clienr and therapsit -countertransference provides important sources of information about clients character and dynamics |
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Self psychology |
Emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships to develop out own sense of self |
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Relational psychoanalysis |
Emphasizes the interactive process between client and therapist |
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Brief psychodynamic therapy |
Applies the principles of psychodynamic theory and therapy to treating selective disorders within 10 to 25 sessions |
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Contributions of classical psychoanalytic approach |
The value of concepts such as unconscious motivation, influence of early development, transference, countertransference and resistance Understanding that unfinished business can be worked through to provide a new ending to events that have restricted clients emotionally Extensive empirical literature on attachment, emotion, defenses, personality and other areas thae support the theoretical models and clinical experiences of psychoanalysis therapist's |
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Strengths of psychoanalysis |
Frist talk theory Childhood experiences, parental figures, dreams are important and impact us Introduced a developmental perspective of psychopathology Promotes intensive Psychotherapy for therapist which gives them insight into their countertransference including biases and prejudices |
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Limitations of psychoanalysis |
Time consuming and expensive Harmful ideas about women Lack of empirical research and effectiveness Concerned with long term personality reconstruction rather than short term problem solving Minimizes the role of enviroment -fails to address social, cultural and political factors that oppress clients Deterministic focus does not emphasize current maladaptvie behaviours Required subjective interpretation Mostly a western approach -not appropriate with collectives or diverse cultures |
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What is the main concept in family system therapy |
Reciprocity of influence between the individual and the family Individuals can influence the family and the family influences the individual -when one part moves so does all other parts |
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What is reciprocal influence |
Thinking in circles rather than straight lines |
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The basic idea of family systems therapy |
Individuals are best understood through assessing the interactions between and among family members Family provides a context for understanding how Individuals function in relation to others and how they behave In families we discover who we are, develop and change and receive support Families create, maintain and live by (unspoken) rules that people hope will keep the family functional |
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What is a family |
Is an jngeractuonal unit and a change in one memento effects all members Problems originate and are maintained in the family system Systems orientation broadens the traditional emphasis on individuals internal dynamics |
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The identified client in family systems therapy |
Identified clients problems might be a symptom of how the system functions not just a symptom of the individuals maladjustment, history, and psychosocial development The development and behavior of one family member is inextricably interconnected with others in the family |
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How are symptoms viewed in family therapy |
Symptoms are viewed as an expression of a set of habits and patterns within the family Dysfunction |
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Clients problematic behavior can.... |
Serve a function or purpose for the family Be unintentionally maintained by family process Be a function of the family's inability to operate productively -especually during developmental transitions Be a symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed down across generations |
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How does family therapy differ from individual therapy |
Involves meeting with all family members together Focuses not just on the child buy all family members Focuses on the needs of family members Focuses on how family members' ways of interacting affect all members of the family |
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Goals of family theory |
To reduce symptoms of dysfunction To bring about structural change withing the system -change family rules -develop appropriate boundaries To change individuals within the context of the system To end generation To generation transmission of problems by resolving emotional attachments |
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5 family therapies |
Bowenian family therapy Transformational systemic therapy Emotional focused family therapy Structural family therapy Strategic family therapy |
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Who is Murray Bowen |
Worker as a psychiatrist specializing in childhood schizophrenia Frist to combine psychoanalysis with systems theory |
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Main ideas of Biwenian family therapy |
Therapy looks at patters related to emotion, structure and triangulation Children are typically not included in process because parents are seen as responsible for children's problems Couples become diffused which creates a new interactional pattern that has postive effects on the rest of the family |
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Therapist's role in bowenain family therapy |
Therapist's ramain objective and take a neutral stance Therapist must address their own family dynamics |
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Overall goals of Bowenain family therapy |
Reduce family members anxiety Increase individuals differentiation of self while maintaining connection Establishing healthy boundaries between family members |
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What is differentiation of self |
People's ability to seperate their own intellectual and emotional functioning from other family members Psychological separation from others |
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Triagulation |
Two family members are experiencing conflict and bring in another family members to reduce tension Detriangulation is separating parts of the triangle Third party is recruited to reduce anxiety and stabilize a couples relationship |
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Nuclear family emotional system |
Multigenerational phenomenon with recurrent patters over the years |
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Family projection process |
Protecting or transmitting parental conflict onto children |
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Emotional cut off |
Geographic or emotional distance between oneself and ones family to deny attachments and unresolved conflicts |
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Multigenerational transmission process |
Patterns are passed down from generation to generation through modeled behavior and family assumptions |
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Sibling position |
Birth order shapes relationships |
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Societal regression |
Problems of differentiation and individuation are reflected in society as a whole |
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Strengths of bowenian family therapy |
Applicable to couples, adults and individual counseling Culturally inclusive theory by focusing on family structure and values which are rooted in culture |
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Limitations of Bowenian family therapy |
Lengthy, time consuming and costly Mother's are viewed as overly involved and fathers are viewed as absent Families in crisis may have more immediate needs |
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Genogram |
Assessment tool that outlines three generations of a client's family tree
Helpful for gathering an extensive amount of information □ male ○ female ☆ non binary × deceased - married --//-- divorced |
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How can genograms be used when working with members of a family |
Identify family structure, relationships, patterns and interactions -mental health issues -physical health issues -boundaries -relationships Serves as a tracking tool that attends to language, style, tone and values of families |
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Key concepts of experimental and humanistic family therapy |
Humanistic Process/ experiential Reconstruction Communication |
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Humanistic |
Emphasis on self esteem, self worth and self actualization Core conditions of empathy, Unconditional postive regard and congruence Clients have answers within themselves and can find their own solutions |
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Process/ experiential |
Clients developmental awareness through experiencing in session |
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Reconstruction |
Families reenact and clarify dysfunctional communications |
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Communication |
Healthy communication is congruent and emotionally open |
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What are 5 common communication stances that family members assume when system is under stress |
Placating (caring and sensitive) -self is denied -take the blame for things that go wrong, rushing to rectify any kind of trouble Blaming (assertive) -self attacks, judges, finds faults, self hostile, self refuses suggestions, disagrees Super reasonable (intellectual) -self is denied and not allowed to feel, self is isolated from context, self is rational and must be intelligent Irrelevant (fun, spontaneous, creatvie) -self distracts attention from issues, self acts inapproapertely, can't stay focused, other does not matter Congruent (ideal stance) -appreciate self, trust and lone oneself and others, apoen and flexible to change, task risks and accept vulnerability |
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What is the goal of experiential and humanistic family therapy |
Goal is to help family members experience and communicate their emotions
Therapeutic relationship is trusting safe warm and experiential |
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5 phases of humanistic family therapy |
Establishing trust
Gaining awareness of roles within family
Using techieques to help clients gain new understandings
Expressing new understandings to rest of family
Using new beahviour in real life |
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Techniques in humanistic therapy |
Family sculpting -family members are physically molded and directed to take a role that represent how the family views its relationships -used to increase awareness of family rules and misconceptions
Choreography -family members act out an event or pattern in relation to another family member
Reframing symptoms
Promoting affective confrontation |
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Who is Virginia Satir |
Creator of transformational systemic therapy |
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What did Virginia Satir believe |
The power of congruence and effective communication
Therapeutic relationship is essential and helps clients find best selves
People are basically good and every family has innate potential
Change is possible through growth process
People's coping style indicates level of self esteem
Patterns are repeated
When element threatens status quo stress ensues and change is needed |
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What is the main focus of transformational therapy |
Focuse is placed on communication and emotional experiences
Techniques are secondary to therapeutic relationship |
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What does transformational therapy do |
Exteme rules are transformed into functional rules
Should increase potentials for growth and coping in the face of stresses
Family patterns are brought into the present through different reconstructive techniques
Awareness is brought to how family rules still govern communication within the family
Responsibility for change rests in the hands of the individual family members |
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Therapist's involvement in transformational therapy |
Therapist is active facilitator, resource person, detective and model of congruence
Therapist role is to guide the family through choas, help identify new possibilities and helping members apply these new options
Therapist works with all willing family members |
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What is emotion focused therapy |
Evidence based approach
Developed by Leslie Greenberg
Rooted in person centered philosophy by synthesizes aspects of gestalt and existential therapies |
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What does emotion focused therapy emphasize |
Awareness, acceptance and understanding of emotion and the visceral experience of emotion Emotional change can be a primary pathways to cogntvie and beahvioural change Is effective in treating anxiety, intimate partner violence, eating disorders and trauma |
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emotion focused therapy uses techniques |
A range of experimental techniques are used to strengthen the self, regulate affect and create new meaning
Strategies help clients with too little emotion access their emotions and help clients who experience too much emtion contain their emotions |
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What us emotionally focused couples therapy |
Developed by Susan Johnson and Lesile Greenberg
Combines attachment theory and process experimental theory
Focus is on emotion as a change agent
One of the most effective approaches for working with couples
Can be used with a wide variety of other populations (emotion focused family theoy) |
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Techniques in emotionally focused couples theory |
Person centered techniques are used
A safe and strong therapeutic relationship is necessary for change to happen |
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Emotion focused family theory |
Teaching laments and caregivers to be their children emotion coach |
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Key concepts of emotion focused therapies |
Systemic -individual beahviour can only be considered as part of the whole -focuses on patterns of beahviour Humanistic-experimental -believes all people are internally good and capable Emotion is the prime mover in couples therapy -emotions are explored and reenacted -goal is for couple to gain empathy -provides a corrective emotional experience |
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What are the 3 phases of emotion focused therapy |
1) de escalation -assessment, insight of problematic cycles and emotional states 2) change in interactional positions -couple agrees to work on overcoming the problematic cycles, patters express feelings 3) consolidation and intergration -a secure attachment between thr couple is formed and gains are solidified |
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Therapeutic techniques and procedures used in emotion focused therapy |
Theriapiest help clients to express their feelings to each other and experience catharsis - leads to change and thr ability to empathize |
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Techniques used |
Asking evocative questions Reflecting emotional responses Refraining patterns in terms of attachment and negative cycles Tracking and replaying key moments Cresting enactments which the partners make their patterns explicit Slowly encouraging new ways of connecting Validating and normalizing responses |
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Application and use of emotion focused theory |
Applicable to diverse cultures die the emphasis on connection and attachment Effective for various coupled including LGBTQ+ persons, older, chronic illnesses and military couples Presenting concerns including infidelity, sexual disorders and secual abuse trauma Is structured and experimental Should not be used with separating couples, those in abusvue relationships and those in which one partner desires to Ramin in an affair |
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What is structural family theory |
Developed by Salvador Minuchin Most well know family therapies Focuses on family interactions to understand the structure of the family Symptoms are a byproduct of structural failings -changes in structure must happen to reduce systems |
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What does structural family theory focus on |
Subsystems -subgroups of the family including parental, siblings, spousal -membership in one should not affect another Boundaries between systems - how families members distinguish self from others Rules Communication Beahviour |
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Different categories of boundaries |
Disengagement -disconnection between family members Enmeshed -overly invested in each other and have difficulty making decisions for themselves Balanced -family members are connected to each other while remaing independent |
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Some key concepts in structural family theory |
Family hierarchy -determine power and control within the family Coalitions -teaming up against another family memeber Alliances -family members connect and support eachother Parentified child -child given respisibilies inconsistent with development |
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What is the goal of structural family theory |
Goal is restructure the family system to increase healthy boundaries and interactions in order to cope effectively with stress Reduce symptoms of dysfunction and bring about structural change within the system by modifying the family transactional rules and establishing appropriate boundaries |
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Three phases in structural family therapy |
1) therapist joins with the family and asses a leadership postion -therapist adopts family norms and gain understanding of structure and boundaries 2) therapist determines family structure -family maps that visually resent family subsystems, boundaries, hierarchies and alliances -used to set goals and asses progress 3) therapist works to change the structure -enactment where clients act out a pervious experience or characteristic in session -bring family conflict into the here and now |
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Application and current use of structural family theory |
Helpful in a variety of settings and populations Effective for families dealing with anorexia, asthma, and chronic disorders Effective for depression and child behavioral problems Import to remember that families are not always traditional |
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What is Strategic family theory |
Developed by Jay Haley
Used in combination with structural therapy
Communication patterns is the main focus
Therapy involves behavioral goals and change results from the family following directives
Problem centered -focus is on immediate presenting problem -attempted solutions and symptoms are embedding in feedback loops |
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Strategic therapy interventions |
Interventions generated include joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, reframing, ordeals, paradoxical interventions and enactments
The unconventional techniques can be powerful for promoting change but have also been criticized due to the power Differential |
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Therapist in strategic therapy |
Therapist act as educators and directors
Provide homework, teach skills and offer advice |
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Symptoms in strategic theory |
Symptoms are viewed as strategies that are adaptive for a particular situation
Serve a purpose of controlling or manipulating behaviors of others
Exploration of the secondary reinforcers from symptoms |
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What is the overall goal of strategic therapy |
Goal is to change beahviour and resolve presenting concern Resolve presenting problems by focusing on behavioral sequenced (get them to behave differently) Shift the family organization so that the presenting problem is no longer functional Move the family toward the appropriate stage of family development |
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What are the staged of strategic therapy |
Identify ways in which system maintains the problem -ruled and communication styles that contribute Exploring family history of unsuccessful efforts to solve the problem Developing interventions to interrupt problem perpetuating beabviours Paradoxical interventions Circular questioning |
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What us paradoxical interventions |
Directives in which therapist prescribe an action to clients that the therapist wants resisted -declaring hopelessness Opposite approaches Based in the assumption that clients will defy the therapist's apparent expectation and there by embracing change |
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What us circular questioning |
Questions that are used to gain understanding of communication patters and to increase awareness of the family system and types of relationships within it |
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Application and use of strategic therapy |
Brief, directive, problem focused approach addressed a wide variety of presenting concerns of families Effective for behaviour problems and substance use issues Using paradoxical interventions can be seen as punitive or manipulate -contemporary strategic therapy focused more on psotive and collaborative therapeutic relationship May only lead fo first order change instead second order change |
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What is first order and second order change |
Superficial change for one family member instead of whole system Lasting change in whole system |
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Counseling application of strategic |
Family therapy is effective for a wife variety of populations and presenting concerns Addiction, eating disorders, mood disorders, conduct disorders, autism, schizophrenia and ADHD Particularly helpful for children and adolescents |
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Application of strategic therapy in multicultural groups |
Cultural competence and sensitivity is essential for various types of families Development of therapeutic alliance with culturally diverse clients Tailoring approach to fit needs of families |
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Strengths of strategic therapy |
All family members are assumed to take responsibility Systemic perspective leads to greater understanding and change of dysfunctional patterns Empowering, strengths based, holistic and easily integrated Neither the individual nor family is blamed for particular dysfunction An individual is not scapegoats as the basd person Family is empowered through the process of identifying and exploring internal, developmental, and purposeful interactiap patterns |
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Limitations of strategic therapy |
Heavy focus on language Overlooking of individual functioning and well being Some techniques considered manipulative May be viewed as own field Administration concerns including scheduling, confidentiality and record keeping Overemphasis on system may result in unique characteristics and needs of individuals being overlooked Paractioners must not assume that western models are universal Therapist's are finding ways to broaden their views of individuation, appropriate gender rols, family life cycles and extending families |
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Behavioral functions within family systems |
Subsystems Boundaries |
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Reciprocal influence |
Process by which one person or aspect of a family affects all other parts of the family and vise versa Linear causality -acruon of one individual leads another individual to respond Circular causality -complex spiral of interactions that includes all family dynamics and can become problematic across time Dynamics -interactional patters of family |
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Family communication |
Is the verbal and nonverbal exchange of information between family members |
