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107 Cards in this Set
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idiographic approach
nomothetic |
individual differences- the clinician
group differences- researcher |
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Pinel
dorthy dix |
shocked by brutality in 19th century facilities
fought for rights |
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binet
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measure of intelligence starting with that of children and changing to adults
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TAT
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person looks at ambiguous pictures and tells a story
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MMPI
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minnesota multiphasic personality inventory- self report- objective way to diagnos
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timeline
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bad stigma of mentally ill
1880- first psych lab 1896- Witmer dedicated to child learning- founder of clinical psychology start with psychoanalisis- 1900 play/group therapy 1910- psychology as science not profession world wars and use of intel test and personality raise pay of psychologists 1950-ques psycho (Eysenck) and start behav 1970- cog behav brief psychotherapy |
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gesalt therapy
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patient unique perceptions contribute to their problems
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etiological (causes) of mental disorders
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genetic predisposition
traumatic childhood sexual abuse |
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science practicioner model
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psychologist first, clinician second
internship phD research, |
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Beneficnece and normaficence
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try to help and do no harm
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fidelity and responsibility
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psych have resp to society and seek to estab trust
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justice
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all ppl are entitled to benefit of psy should recog own biases and limits of competence
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respect for ppls rights and dignity
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psy respect rights and dig of all and seek to prtect rights
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competence
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dont misinterpret qualifications
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human relations
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no multiple of exploited relationships
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advirtising and public statements
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dont lie, dont use testimonials and dont seek vulnerable ppl for clients
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record and keeping files
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take care of client records, cant withold for non payment, openly discuss fees ASAP, can barter
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therapy
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informed consent, clarification of who the patient is, no sex with current patients or relatives (after 2 yrs
practice only where you have expertise- stay current with changing info know your role and who the client is (multicultural) |
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confidentiality
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only disclose minimal info, discuss limits, know law, ensure storage
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termination
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client
not benefiting, harmed by treatment, no longer in need, may harm therapist self or others |
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catharsis
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emotional release
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if a client is cog impaired
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behav treatment
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`id
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pleasure
what you want immediately doesnt follow logic |
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Freud
dreams accidents |
reveal unconscious desires
reveal true feelings |
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ego
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reality principle, mediator, def mechanisms, preservation of self, protect from danger
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oral stage
pessimist optimist |
1-5 years- sucking
verbally agressive, witholding too much gratitification- nursed too long- extraverted, gullible |
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Anal stage
retentive expulsive |
potty training
punishing, battle of control, struggle= withold of control= obessively clean. assert control by going to the bathroom wherever they want, messy, extravagent, showy. |
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Phallic stage
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oedipus complex-castration anxiety
electra- penis envy |
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denial
DM: help understand what its about and be aware of it. |
unwillingness to accept or face an unpleasant event
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projection
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attriubte ones own neg impulses to someone else
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displacement
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transfer of impulses from threatening to non threatening obj
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reaction formation
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expression of feelings that are oppositeof unconscious feeling
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rationalization
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self justifying
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sublimination
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rechanneling of unacceptable impulse into socially approved activites
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intellectualization
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decrese anxiety by thinking in a cold, cynical way> eliminate emotion.
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affiliation
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turning to others for support
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aim inhibition
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ind accepts modificated form of orginal goal
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avoidance:
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refusing to deal with situation or object
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dynamic sizing
culture specific expertise |
avoid stereotypes and know when to generalize
understand own culture and have knowledge of others |
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ethics
beneficence and non maleficence |
strive to benefit those they serve and do no harm
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fiedlity and responsibility
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professional and scientific responsibilities to society and earn trust
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justice
integrity |
all ppl have the right to these services
accurate honest truthful |
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1. resolving ethical issues
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always follow the law
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respect for ppl rights and dignity
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to all ppl...
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competence
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present themselves correctly and admit when they are not equipt to treat someone
know when you cannot emotionally help a person |
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3. human relations
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no multiple relationships
consider power diferential, duration and reason for termination |
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update on current law
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always go to conferences etc.
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4.privacy and confidentiality
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explain limits and do everything you can to keep it
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payment
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be up front, never withold info
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6. record keeping
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cant withold for non payment
openly discuss fees/barter keep records |
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5. advertising
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dont misrepresent
no testimonial dont seek vlunerable ppl |
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hmo
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managed care system that employs a restricted number of providers to serve enrollers
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alfred binet
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made up intel test to test kids in school, cant be applied outside of america,
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psychology in wwII
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army alpha beta test to classify for mil service, transfered back into normal life, increased pay and status
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projective test
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TAT
ink blot ambig pic and make up story |
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hysteria
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first time that ppl connected mind and body, started to see mental health from a dif perspective
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wolpe
skinner watson Freud |
systematic desensitization
operant conditioning classical psychoanalyisis |
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science practicioner
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research balanced with practice
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human relations
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no multiple or exploitive relationships (with patient of relatives) - after 2 years can date patient but must be careful
should consider: power differntial b/t doc and patient duration of therapy and reason for termination |
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confidentiality
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maintain and openly dicuss, lock all things, only tell what you need to tell
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advertising
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dont lie about what you can do, dont use testimonials, dont seek vunerable clients
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as a supervisor
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respon for anything supervisee does, give feedback, outline rel in writing,
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documentation
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info and first contact, history, risk factors, medical status, diagnosis, treatment plan, summary and testing reports,
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terminate
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when client isnt benfiting
is harmed by treatment no longer needs treatment threatens to harm self or others |
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share with client
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your ed, confidentiality, cost, length of therapy, alt treatment,right to terminate
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asian americans
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less likely to express feeling
respect authority against therapy hard in immigration stress expressed somatically stress of bringing shame to family- filial piety must respect familiar roles low verbalization, work on self growth, use teacher-expert, understand how family pressures are effecting client |
teacher expert: wants to know what they are doing, direct concrete values
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documentation
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is very important when facing charges, record all contact and conversation cannot edit!
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hispanic americans
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keep prob b/t family and church- respect how the family is organized
therapy as threatening curaderos, supernatural (not hallucinations), dont discount these impacts |
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practice only where you have expertise
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stay up to date with conferences
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African Americans
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stress of somatic
spirirtuality prevalence of discrimination, prejudice, lack of recognition explore experience with racism and how it effected them, how it might effect therapy, see if they have internalized negative messages, take pride in self and heritage, willingness to persevere want to be accepted into the afric amer stereotype |
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difficulties in treating minorities
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$ and ses
$ stress= mental prob lanuguage mistrust of gov less opportunities for schooling involve families, acknowledge discrimination, |
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helms- 5 ways of understanding self in relation to culture
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conforimtiy to current culture
dissonance awareness of culture of origin immersion/emersion: idealize culture rejection of other internalization: internal standards to define self and respond to majority group integration: flexible and complex thinking to value all aspects of identity |
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discrmination leads to
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stress and low self esteem
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cultural encapsulation
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ethnocentric perspective and not effectively understanding the worldview and culture of origni of client.
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to be culturally competent
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understnading that each holds dif cultural beliefs that mold their biases steroetypes and comm
recog them in yuorself and what they are understand dif b/t cultures |
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anxiety reduction/ release tension
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reduce anxiety to allow focus on core problems
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insight
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degree of understanding of the nature of ones problems
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goals of psychotherapy
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build ego strength
make unconscious- conscious |
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Free association
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client: whatever come to mind
therapist: confidentiality, blank screen |
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transference
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the other perosn can represent something for them and effect treatment ex: their like dad. Unconscious feelings about them that you dont realize
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adler- post freud
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believed social factors were prominent motivators and shapers of personality
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carl jung
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collective unconscious: universal knowledge from past generations
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psychodynamic therapy
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brief
better functioning of person not personality reconstruction therapist is more active and goals are specific |
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social structure doesnt allow beavior of the minority group
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person to grow and change
deviates from the norm |
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transference
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the therapist can represent a person in their lifes and they project their feelings fro that person onto the therapist. Avoid by not answering personal questions or having personal things in office> unconcious
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neo freudian-
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carl jung- collective unconscious- universal knowledge from past genreations that effects all of us.
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factors in psychchotherapy associated with positive outcome
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expert role
catharsis- release of emotions anxiety reduction interpretation or insight building competence identification with therapist positive relationship active participation |
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client factors that effect therapy
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degree of distress
intelligence- behav for cog impaired age motivation openness gender race, ethnicity, ses- may be impor to match with ther |
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client centered therapy
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incongruence with self and external world. Help the self become congruent with what their reality actually is.
personal experience of client, therapist is not the professional, ind come to know emotions, led by patient, innate ability to help themselves, emphasis on therapeautic rel, |
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self actualization
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ability of all to imrpove and enhance self
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unconditional positive regard
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If dont get this strive on conditional regard, where they look for their worth,can come to believe that they are only worthy under certain conditions
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congruence geuinness
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the therapist is real about how they feel
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what the ther does is c-c
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reflect on client and focus on emotions, make comments of unconditional acceptance
No: reassurance, interpretations, information giving, asking questions or criticism |
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transparency
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- if you dislike the client tell them, be honest about feelings
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silence
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to get the client to talk - help the person be the best they can be
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existentialism
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no unified theory
search for meaning is the primary motivator |
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4 existential realities
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death- coming to accept this truth
freedom and responsibility- manage not enough or too much isolation- social beings meaninglessness- purpose to move forward |
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seeks to help the ind
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accept those things in life that are inevitable
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Gestalt
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become more aware of what they are doing,how they are doing it, how to change themselves, but also how to accept and value themselves- as a WHOLE
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dif b/t psyanalytic t gestalt
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focus on what is happening in the moment-ges
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goal of gestalt
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help client realize they are resp and in control of creating more effective experiences for him or her self.
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non verbal cues in gestalt
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look for inconsistencies in non verbal and verbal
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dreams- gestalt
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act them out
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gestalt accept responsibilty of own actions
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focus on the past indicates resistance
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interpreation is a therapeutic mistake is gestalt
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becuase it makes it seem like the understand the patient more than they do themselves
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psychiatrist
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can give med, physical exam, combine mind and body with psychological and medical
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paraprofessional
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assist professional
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