Chapter 1 Intro To The Human Body

Front 1

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 1

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Front 2

Anabolic

Back 2

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

Front 3

Anatomical position

Back 3

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

Front 4

anatomy

Back 4

science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

Front 5

Anterior

Back 5

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body

Hint 5

also referred to as ventral

Front 6

Anterior cavity

Back 6

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

Front 7

Catabolism

Back 7

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

Front 8

Caudal

Back 8

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column)

Hint 8

also referred to as inferior

Front 9

Cell

Back 9

smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Front 10

Computed tomography (CT)

Back 10

medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained

Front 11

Control center

Back 11

compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Front 12

Cranial

Back 12

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

Front 13

Cranial cavity

Back 13

division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

Front 14

Deep

Back 14

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

Front 15

Development

Back 15

changes an organism goes through during its life

Front 16

Differentiation

Back 16

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Front 17

Distal

Back 17

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Front 18

Dorsal

Back 18

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body

Hint 18

also referred to as posterior

Front 19

Dorsal cavity

Back 19

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord

Hint 19

also referred to the posterior body cavity

Front 20

Effector

Back 20

organ that can cause a change in a value

Front 21

Frontal plane

Back 21

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Front 22

Gross anatomy

Back 22

study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

Front 23

Growth

Back 23

process of increasing in size

Front 24

Homeostasis

Back 24

steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Front 25

Inferior

Back 25

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column)

Hint 25

also referred to as caudal

Front 26

Lateral

Back 26

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

Front 27

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 27

medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

Front 28

Medial

Back 28

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions

Front 30

Microscopic anatomy

Back 30

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

Front 31

Negative feedback

Back 31

homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition bypreventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Front 32

Normal range

Back 32

range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Front 33

Nutrient

Back 33

chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

Front 34

Organ

Back 34

functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

Front 35

Organ system

Back 35

group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

Front 36

Organism

Back 36

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Front 37

Pericardium

Back 37

sac that encloses the heart

Front 38

Peritoneum

Back 38

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

Front 39

Physiology

Back 39

science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

Front 40

Plane

Back 40

imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

Front 41

Pleura

Back 41

serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Front 42

Positive feedback

Back 42

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Front 43

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Back 43

medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

Front 44

Posterior

Back 44

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body

Hint 44

also referred to as dorsal

Front 45

Posterior cavity

Back 45

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord

Hint 45

also referred to as dorsal cavity

Front 46

Pressure

Back 46

force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

Front 47

Prone

Back 47

Face down

Front 48

Proximal

Back 48

describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Front 49

Regional anatomy

Back 49

study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Front 50

Renewal

Back 50

process by which worn-out cells are replaced

Front 51

Reproduction

Back 51

process by which new organisms are generated

Front 52

Responsiveness

Back 52

ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

Front 53

Sagittal plane

Back 53

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Front 54

Section

Back 54

in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

Front 55

Sensor

Back 55

(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Front 56

Serosa

Back 56

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction

Hint 56

also referred to as serous membrane

Front 57

Serous membrane

Back 57

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction

Hint 57

also referred to as serosa

Front 58

Set point

Back 58

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis

Front 59

Spinal cavity

Back 59

division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord

Hint 59

also referred to as vertebral cavity

Front 60

Superficial

Back 60

describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

Front 61

Superior

Back 61

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper

Hint 61

also referred to as cranial

Front 62

Supine

Back 62

Face up

Front 63

Systemic anatomy

Back 63

study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

Front 64

Thoracic cavity

Back 64

division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the:

-heart

-lungs

-esophagus

-trachea

Front 65

Tissue

Back 65

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Front 66

Transverse plane

Back 66

two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Front 67

Ultrasonography

Back 67

application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs

Front 68

Ventral

Back 68

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body

Hint 68

also referred to as anterior

Front 69

Ventral cavity

Back 69

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity includes:

-the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs

-pericardial cavity for the heart

-peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs

Hint 69

also referred to as anterior body cavity

Front 70

X-Ray

Back 70

form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones