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73 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anatomy |
Study of Sturctures if Human Body and their relationships to one another |
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Physiology |
Study of how the Body and it's Individual Parts Function |
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Root |
The Main Part of a Word. It's Foundation. |
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Prefix |
Placed Before a Root Word to alter it's meaning |
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Suffix |
Placed After Root word |
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Lvls of Orginization in Human Body |
Chem-Cellular-Tissue-Organ-Organ Sys.-Organism |
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Cell Membrane |
Separates intracellular fluid from extracellular |
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Cytoplasm |
Gel-like Intracellular fluid |
Also called Protoplasm |
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Cytosol |
Portion of Cytoplasm Not Contained within Organelles |
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Endoplasm |
Portion of Cytoplasm lies Within Organelles |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
Contains Rough ER & Smooth ER |
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Rough ER |
Synthesizes Proteins.. Spotted with Ribosomes |
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Smooth ER |
Synthesizes Lipids. Metabolized Carbs/ Steroids. Regulates Calcium |
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Ribosomes |
Protein Factory. Small granules of ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
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Golgi Body |
Packaging & Shipping proteins and lipids |
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Mitochondria |
Power Plant. Provides ATP |
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Lysosomes |
Garbage Disposal. Trigger Self Digestion |
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Centrioles |
Helps Cells Divide |
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Nucleus |
Control Center. Contains RNA/DNA |
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Cellular Process |
A process in which substances move within a cell. Classified by Passive and Active processes |
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Passive Process |
Does Not require energy or activity to Transport Substances Includes: Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration |
Also called Passive Transport |
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Diffusion |
Movement of Molecules High Conc. to Low Conc. |
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Osmosis |
Movement of Water. Low Conc. to High Conc. |
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Filtration |
Movement of Water & Molecules due to Pressure |
Ex. Blood Pressure |
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Activity Process |
Requires Energy to Transport Substances Includes: Transport by Pumps & Vesicles |
Also called Active Transport |
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Transport by Pumps |
Muscles (Ca pump) nerve (Na/K pump) |
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Active Vesicle |
Exocytosis- moves outside the cell Endocytosis- moving substances inside cell Phagocytosis- Cell Eating Pinocytosis- Cell Drinking |
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Metabolism |
Sum total of all physically and chem process Occurs in 2 Phases: Anabolisn & Canabolism |
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Anabolism |
Contructs build up into larger molecules |
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Catabolism |
Destructs Large, Complex Molecules |
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Metabolic Rate |
Overall Rate at which Metabolic Reaction Use Energy |
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Tissue |
Similar cells that Act Together to Perform specific Func. 4 Types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve, |
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Epithelial |
Lines or Covers External and Internal body structures. Classified as Simple and Stratified |
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Simple Epithilium |
One Cell Thick |
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Stratified Epithelium |
Two or More Cells Thick |
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Connective Tissue |
Connects, Supports, Transport, and Defends. Supporting Framework for Organs/Glands |
Ex. Muscles to Muscles, Muscles to Bones, Bones to Bones |
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Fibroblasts |
All types of Protein Fibers found in Connective Tissues. Contribute to Healing and Tissue Repair |
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Fibrous Connective Tissue |
Packaging Material of the Body. Divided into: Loose Fibrous Connective, Adipose, Reticular, Dense |
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Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue |
Functions like Elastic Glue. Connects adjacent structures to each other and permits movement between them. |
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Adipose Tissue |
Fat serves as storage for surplus food, Insulation, support and protection (such as heart, kidneys, some joints) |
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Reticular Tissue |
Supported Framework for Bone, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Organs. Part of the body's Defense Sys. |
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Dense Fibrous Conn. Tissue |
Compact Strong bundles of fiber. White in color. Two Types: Irregular & Regular |
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Dense Regular Fibrous Tissue |
Fiber arranged in Parallel rows. Elastic. Can Resist Pulling Forces in 1-2 Directions |
Ex. Tendons/Ligaments |
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Dense Irregular Fibrous Tissue |
Fiber bundles Interwoven in irregular Patterns. Forms Strong/Thick Sheath of Connective Tissue. Resist Pulling Forces in Multiple Directions |
Ex. Dermal Layer of Skin, Periosteal Sheath |
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Bone |
Hardest Connective Tissue. Provides Support/Protection Two Types: Compact Bone, Spongy Bone |
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Compact Bone |
Forms the Hard Outer Shell of bone. Strongest form of Bone Tissue |
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Spongy Bone |
Thin Latticework Beams. Spongy Appearance. |
Also called Cancellous Bone |
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Cartilage |
Strong Protective Tissue capable of Withstanding Repeated Stress. Tough/Rubbery Matrix 3 Types: Hyaline, Firbrocartilage, Elastic |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
Elastic/Rubbery/Smooth Cartilage. Most Prevalent Catilage. Covers articulating surfaces of bones |
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Fibrocartilage |
Stongest/Most Durable of all Cartilage Types. Disks serve as shock absorbers |
Found Between Vertebra and in Knee |
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Elastic Cartilage |
Softest/Pliable of All Cartilage. Gives Shape to external Nose and Ears |
Ex. Found in Nose, Ears, Larynx |
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Blood |
Liquid Connective Tissue. Consist of red/white blood cells and Platelets suspended in fluid Plasma |
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A Substance That Makes Up 55% of Whole Blood |
Plasma |
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Muscle Tissue |
The Movement Specialist of the Body. Ability to Contract/Shorten 3 Types: Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac |
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Smooth Muscles |
Located in the Walls of Hollow Organs |
Located in Stomach, Bladder, Uterus |
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Skeletal Muscle |
Attached to Bones. Most Abundant Muscle Tissue Type |
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Cardiac Muscle |
Located in Heart Wall. Helps Contract Blood. Cardiac Muscle Cells are H- or Y- Shaped |
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Nervous Tissue |
Located In Brain, Spinal Cord, and Within Nerves. Process Characteristics of Excitabilty and Conductability. Secrete chemical messengers called Neurotransmitters |
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Tissue Repair |
A Healing Process when Tissues are Damaged by Injury or Infection Begins with Inflammation and may undergo Regeneration/Remodeling |
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Inflammation |
Body's Response to Injury, Infection, and Irritation Swelling Heat A Loss of Function Redness Pain |
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Regenration |
Growth of New Functional Tissue after it is damaged. |
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Fibroblast |
Stimulates Collagen Fiber Production |
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Granulation Tissue |
Numerous Budding Capillaries. Grainy Apperance. Grows from Base of the Wound Upward |
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Factors That Affect Tissue Repair |
- Nutrition - Cons. of Wound - Age - The Type of Tissue |
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Membranes |
Thin, Soft, Pliable sheets of Tissue that Cover & Protect Internal and External Surfaces, Line Tubes and Anchor Structures to each other Classified By: Epithelial Membranes and Connective Tissue Membranes |
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Cutaneous Membrane |
Cover External Body Surfaces and includes the Skin. Skin is both Tough and Supple |
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Mucous Membrane |
Lines Open Body Cavities. Secretes Mucus which Coat, Lubricate, and Protect associated Structures |
Found in Mouth, Vagina |
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Serous Membranes |
Lines Closed Body Cavities. Consist of Two Layers: Parietal Layer Visceral Layer |
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Synovial Membranes |
Lines Cavities or Spaces Between Bones and Joints Secretes Secrete Fluid (Synovium) |
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Homeostasis |
The Tendancy of the Body's internal Environment to remain Relatively Constant w/ narrow range of change |
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Synovial Fluid (Synovium) |
Provides Nutrition and Lubrication to Joints so that they can move freely without undue friction |
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
The Cell's Energy or Power Molecule |
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Organelles |
Tiny Specialized Structures within a Cell |
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