1St An Introduction To The Human Body

Front 1

A(n) ___ is a group of similar cells and their surrounding materials performing specific functons.

Back 1

tissue

Front 2

The sum of all of the body's chemical processes is ___. It consists of two parts: the phase that builds up new substances is ___, and the phase that breaks down substances is ___.

Back 2

metabolism, anabolism, catabolism

Front 3

The fluid located within cells is the ___, whereas the fluid located outside of the cells is ___.

Back 3

intracellular fluid (ICF), extracellular fluid (ECF)

Front 4

TRUE or FALSE
In a positive feedback system, the response enhances or intensifies the original stimulus.

Back 4

True

Front 5

A person lying face down would be in the supine position.

Back 5

False

Front 6

The highest level of structural organization is the system level.

Back 6

False

Front 7

A plane that seperates the body into unequal right and left sides is a?

Back 7

parasagittal plane

Front 8

Midway through a 5-mile work out, a runner begins to sweat profusely. The sweat glands producing the sweat would be considered wich part of a feedback loop

Back 8

effectors

Front 9

Anatomy

Back 9

The science of body structures and the relationships among structures

Front 10

Embryology

Back 10

study of development from the fertilized egg to the end of the eighth week of development

Front 11

Cytology

Back 11

study of the structural features of a cell.

Front 12

Histology

Back 12

study of microscopic structure of tissue

Front 13

Gross Anatomy

Back 13

structures that can be examined with out using a microscope

Front 14

Physiology

Back 14

science that deals with the functions of an organism or its parts

Front 15

Cell Physiology

Back 15

describes the function of cells

Front 16

Systemic Anatomy

Back 16

the anatomic study of particular systems of the body, such as the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, or urinary systems

Front 17

Neurophysiology

Back 17

studys the functional properties of nerve cells

Front 18

Cardiovascular Physiology

Back 18

study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels

Front 19

Pathology

Back 19

study of nature/cause of disease and their effect on physiology associated with disease and aging

Front 20

Exercise Physiology

Back 20

study of changes in cell and organ function as a result of muscular activity (exercise)

Front 21

Symptons

Back 21

a subjective change in body functon not apparent to as observer (pain, nausea) that indicates the pressence of a disease or disorder of the body.

Front 22

Signs

Back 22

any objective evidence of disease that can be observed or measured such as a lesion, swelling or fever.

Front 23

Chemical Level

Back 23

basic level includes Atoms that participate in chemical reactions and Molecules essential to life.

Front 24

Cellular Level

Back 24

molecules combine to form cells, basic structural and functional units of organisms.

Front 25

Tissue Level

Back 25

groups of cells and surrounding material working together to perform a particular function

Front 26

Organ Level

Back 26

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue Ex: stomach, skin, bones, heart, liver, lungs and brain.

Front 27

System Level

Back 27

consist of related organs with a common function, Ex: digestive system

Front 28

Organismal Level

Back 28

all the parts of a human body functioning together constitute the total organism.

Front 29

Basic Types of Tissue

Back 29

epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous

Front 30

6 Characteristics of Life

Back 30

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction.

Front 31

Phases of Metabolism
Catabolism

Back 31

break down of complex chemical substances into simpler components (digestive processes catabolize (split) proteins in food into amino acids.

Front 32

Phases of Metabolism
Anabolism

Back 32

building up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components. (amino acids are used to anabolize (build) new proteins that make up body structures, i.e. muscle and bones

Front 33

Metabolism

Back 33

the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.

Front 34

Responsiveness

Back 34

body's ability to detect and respond to changes. Ex: nerve cells respond by generating electrical signals known as nerve impulses (Action Potentials) temperature drops. Muscle cells respond by contracting wich generates force to move body parts (turn head)

Front 35

Movement

Back 35

motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells, tiny structures inside cells. Ex: action of leg muscles move whole body when you walk. Your gallbladder contracts and squirts bile into gastrointestinal tract to aid in digestion of fatty meals. Certain white blood cells move from blood into affected tissue to clean and repair infected or damaged area. Inside cell various parts move from one position to another to carry out their functions

Front 36

Growth

Back 36

increase in body size due to increase in size of existing cells, increase in number of cells or both. Tissue increases in size because amount of material between cells increases. Ex: In a growing bone, mineral deposits accumilate between bone cells, causing bone to grow in length and width.

Front 37

Differentiation

Back 37

the development of cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state. Ex: red blood cells and several types of white blood cells arise from same unspecialized precursor (ancestor) cells in red bone marrow. Precursor cells can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation, known as stem cells. Fertilized egg developes into embryo then to fetus, infant, child then adult.

Front 38

Reproduction

Back 38

formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement. This process occurs continuously throughout life, continues from generation to next through production of new individual cells, fertilization of ovum by sperm cell.

Front 39

Homeostasis

Back 39

state of equilibrium with in internal enviroment of body ideal to remain with in range of a set point.

Hint 39

our body regulates heat and sugr levels

Front 40

Negative Feedback

Back 40

any diviation from set point is made smaller or resisted; maintains homeostasis

Hint 40

body temperature
blood pressure
many examples in the endocrine system

Front 41

Feedback Systems

Back 41

cycle of events inwich status of body condition is monitored, reevaluated and so on. Monitored variables such as body temperatureblood pressure or blood glucose level is termed a "controlled condition". Any disruption that changes a controlled condition is called a "stimulus"