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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts
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anatomy
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cutting apart the body to isolate and study its structural components
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dissection
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the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
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physiology
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the balance the body tries to maintain by keeping its internal environment "staying the same"
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homeostasis
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an outstanding characteristic of body structure
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organization
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a unit constructed of cells, tissues, organs and systems
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the body
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the smallests structural units; organizations of various chemicals
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cells
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organizations of similar cells
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tissues
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organizations of different kinds of tissues
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organs
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organizations of many different kinds of organs
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systems
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standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward
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anatomical position
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toward the head, upper, above
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superior
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toward the feet, lower, below
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inferior
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front, in front of
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anterior
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same as ventral in humans
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anterior
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back, in back of
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posterior
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same as dorsal in humans
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posterior
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toward the midline of a structure
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medial
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away from the midline or toward the side of a structure
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lateral
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toward or nearest the trunk, or nearest the point of origin of a structure
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proximal
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away from or farthest from the trunk, or farthest from a structure's point of origin
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distal
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nearer the body surface
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superficial
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farther away from the body surface
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deep
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lengthwise plane that divides a structure into right and left sections
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sagittal plane
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sagittal plane that divides the body into two equal halves
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midsagittal
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also known as coronal plane
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frontal plane
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lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections
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frontal plane
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horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections
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transverse plane
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midportion of thoracic cavity; heart and trachea located here
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mediastinum
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the two major body cavities
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ventral, dorsal body cavities
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cavity location of the right lung
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right pleural cavity
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cavity location of the left lung
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left pleural cavity
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contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen
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abdominal cavity
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cavity that contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and lowest part of intestine
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pelvic cavity
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cavity that consists of nine regions and four quadrants
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Abdominopelvic cavity
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cavity that contains the brain
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cranial cavity
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cavity that contains the spinal cord
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spinal cavity
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body region encompassing the head, neck, and torso or trunk
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axial region
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body region including the upper and lower extremities
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appendicular region
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survival depends on the maintenance of this; relative constancy of the internal environment
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homeostasis
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abdominal cavity
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abdominopelvic cavity
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cranial cavity
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diaphragm
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dorsal body cavity
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epigastric region
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hypogastric region
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left hypochondriac region
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left iliac (inguinal) region
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left lumbar region
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mediastinum
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pelvic cavity
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pleural cavities
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right hypochondriac region
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right iliac (inguinal) region
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right lumbar region
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spinal cavity
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thoracic cavity
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umbilical cavity
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ventral body cavity
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midportion of the thoracic cavity
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mediastinum
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toward the midline of a structure
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medial
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feedback which is temporary and tends to bring about a rapid conclusion
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positive feedback
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homeostasis is usually maintained by this type of feedback
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negative feedback
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When a person's blood pressure drops below normal temporarily and then returns to normal after a few minutes, this might be an example of __________.
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negative feedback
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A degenerative process; a wasting away of tissue
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atrophy
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study of body structure
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anatomy
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study of how the body function
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physiology
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study of disorders of functioning
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pathophysiology
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the smallest fundamental substance known to man
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element
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another name for an element (unit of an element)
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atom
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a listing of all elements known to man
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periodic table
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molecules that make up all matter, living and non-living
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chemicals
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simple molecules made of one or two elements
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inorganic chemicals
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complex molecules that contain carbon
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organic chemicals
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examples: water (H20), sodium chloride (NaCl), oxygen (02)
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inorganic chemicals
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carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids
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organic chemicals
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smallest living units of structure & function
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cells
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a group of cells with similar structure and function
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tissues
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four types of tissues
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epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
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these cover or line body surfaces
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epithelial tissues
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capable of producing secretions e.g. sweat glands in skin, salivary glands in mouth
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epithelial tissues
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these connect and support parts of the body, e.g. bones
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connective tissues
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some transport and store materials such as blood and fat (adipose tissue)
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connective tissues
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these are specialized for contraction & movement, e.g. skeletal ..., heart...
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muscle tissues
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specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses to regulate body functions e.g. brain, optic...
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nerve tissues
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a group of tissues precisely arranged to perform a specific function
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organ
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examples include stomach, kidneys, liver, lungs, skin, hair
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organ
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group of organs that contribute to a particular function
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organ system
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standing erect with arms at sides and palms forward
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anatomical position
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formed by ribcage in chest
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thoracic cavity
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contains lungs and heart
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thoracic cavity
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separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm
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abdominal cavity
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located between thoracic cavity and pelvic cavity
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abdominal cavity
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contains kidneys, liver, stomach, spleen, intestines
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abdominal cavity
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has nine regions and four quadrants
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abdominopelvic cavity
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formed by pelvic bone
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pelvic cavity
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contains urinary bladder, ovaries (female), uterus (female), prostate gland (male)
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pelvic cavity
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head, neck, torso
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axial region
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upper and lower extremities
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appendicular region
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body's ability to adapt to subtle changes in both the internal and external environment in order to maintain stability
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homeostasis
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aka equilibrium
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homeostasis
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compensatory mechanism
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negative feedback mechanism
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body responses that reverse a negative stimulus to put all body systems back into normal range
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negative feedback
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five parts of negative feedback loop
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disturbance > sensor > control center > effector > controlled condition
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anterior torso below diaphragm (region)
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abdominal
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forearm (region)
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antebrachial
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armpit (region)
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axillary
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depressed area just in front of elbow
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antecubital
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arm (region)
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brachial
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cheek (region)
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buccal
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wrist (region)
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carpal
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head (region)
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cephalic
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neck (region)
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cervical
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skull (region)
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cranial
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leg (region)
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crural
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elbow (region)
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cubital
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skin (or body surface) region
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cutaneous
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(referring to) fingers or toes
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digital
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(referring to) the back
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dorsal
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(referring to) the face
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facial
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(referring to) the forehead
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frontal
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(referring to) the nose
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nasal
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(referring to) the mouth
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oral
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(referring to) the eyes
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orbital or ophthalmic
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leg (region)
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crural
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elbow (region)
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cubital
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skin (or body surface) region
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cutaneous
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(referring to) fingers or toes
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digital
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(referring to) the back
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dorsal
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(referring to) the face
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facial
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(referring to) the forehead
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frontal
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(referring to) the nose
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nasal
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(referring to) the mouth
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oral
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(referring to) the eyes
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orbital or ophthalmic
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(referring to) upper cheek
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zygomatic
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(referring to) thigh
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femoral
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(referring to) buttock
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gluteal
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(referring to) groin
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inguinal
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(referring to) lower back between rib cage and pelvis
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lumbar
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(referring to) breast
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mammary
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(referring to) back of lower skull
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occipital
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(referring to) back of elbow
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olecranal
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(referring to) palm of hand
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palmar
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(referring to) foot
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pedal
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(referring to) lower portion of torso
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pelvic
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(referring to) area between anus and genitals
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perineal
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(referring to) sole of foot
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plantar
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(referring to) area behind knee
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popliteal
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(referring to) area above clavicle
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supraclavicular
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(referring to) ankle
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tarsal
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(referring to) side of skull
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temporal
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(referring to) chest
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thoracic
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(referring to) area around navel
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umbilical
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(referring to) palm or sole
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volar
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