Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Thermodynamics |
The study of the flow and transformation of energy |
|
|
Law of conservation of energy(Law of thermodynamics #1) |
energy can be converted from one form to another(1) but it cannot be created nor destroyed(2) |
|
|
Law of thermodynamics #2 |
Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy(thermal/heat) |
|
|
What are autotrophs and what are the two types of autotroph? Also define the two types of autotrophs. |
Autotrophs-organisms that use energy from the sun to make their own food a.Chemotrophs-use inorganic substances to make their food(ex. bacteria) b.Photoautotrophs-Use the sun to make their food(ex.plants) |
|
|
Define Heterotrophs |
organisms that have to consume other organisms to get their food |
|
|
Energy flows from _________ to ___________ |
autotrophs to heterotrophs |
|
|
Metabolism |
All of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell |
|
|
Metabolic Pathway |
a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate(reactant) for the next reaction. |
|
|
Two types of metabolic pathway and their definitions |
a. Anabolic-building up process that uses energy ex. photosynthesis b. Catabolic-breaking down process that releases energy. ex. Cellular Respiration |
|
|
ATP(Adenisine Tri-Phosphate) |
Molecule that provides energy to the cell. |
|
|
Three components that make up ATP |
-Adenine -Ribose -3 Phosphates |
|
|
Energy is released when the bond between the ____ and ____ phosphate is broken. _____ is formed. |
2nd and 3rd. ADP is formed. |
|
|
Each ATP molecule is ________ over and over again |
recycled |
|
|
Photosynthesis |
the process of converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy for the cell. |
|
|
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? |
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
|
|
Where does the light-dependent reaction take place? |
In the thylakoids |
|
|
define thylakoids |
flattened saclike membranes arranged in small stacks called grana. |
|
|
Define stroma |
fluid-filled space outside of the grana where the 2nd phase of photosynthesis occurs. |
|
|
Location, Reactants, and products of the light dependent reaction |
Location: Thylakoid membranes Reactants:H2O Products: Oxygen |
|
|
Location, Reactants, and Products of the light independent reaction |
Location: Cytoplasm(stroma) Reactants:CO2 Products: Glucose |
|
|
The two alternate pathways |
C4 plants and CAM plants |
|
|
examples of CAM plants |
cacti, orchids, pineapples |
|
|
Cellular respiration and two parts |
way that organisms obtain energy from food, 2 parts take place in the mitochondria: Electron transport chain and aerobic respiration |
|
|
Chemical equation for cellular respiration(opposite of photosynthesis) |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
|
|
1st stage of cellular respiration and its definition |
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell. |
|
|
2nd stage and definition |
Krebs Cycle- series of reactions in which the pyruvate is broken down in the mitochondria matrix. |
|
|
Net yield of the Krebs cycle |
6CO2 molecules 2 ATP 8 NADH and two FADH2 |
|
|
another name for Anaerobic respiration and two types |
also known as fermintation a. lactic acid fermintation- enzymes convert pyruvate made in glycolysis into lactic acid b. Alcohol fermintation- occurs in yeast and some bacteria, pyruvate is converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. |
|
|
Location, Reactants, and products of glycolysis |
Location: Cytoplasm Reactants:Glucose Products: 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH |
|
|
Location, reactants, and products of the krebs cycle |
Location:Mitochondrial Matrix Reactants:2 NADH 2 Pyruvate Products: 6CO2 2 ATP 8 NADH 2 FADH2 |
|
|
Electron transport chain location, reactants, products |
Location:Cristae reactants:2 FADH2 6NADH Products:32 ATP 6H2O |
|
|
Total molecules produced after glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain |
32 ATP 6CO2 6H2O |
