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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ATP?
What does it stand for? How is it made? What is it used for? |
ATP is a Universal energy molecule
(Energy in a form the cell can use) It stands for adenosine TriPhosphate. Used for .motion,.transport of ions and molecules,.switching reactions on or off. Made from the joining of Adenosine Di-Phosphate with another phosphate molecule. It forms the high energy bond. |
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What is photosynthesis?
What is the energy used for? |
. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria use chlorophyll, a green pigment, to trap sunlight energy.
. The energy is used to synthesize carbohydrates (sugars) |
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What is Electron Transfer important for?
What do electron carriers do? |
. The transfer of electrons is important in ATP production.
. Electron carriers strip a hydrogen proton and its electron from a number of organic compounds. |
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What is the equation for Photosynthesis?
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6Co2+6H2O-C6H12O6+6O2
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What are the two steps in photosynthesis?
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Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoid (Depends on light) and Light Independent Reaction (No light required) Takes place in the Stroma.
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What is chlorophyll? Where is it located? What does it reflect?
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A green chemical which traps sunlight energy located in the chloroplast. Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs blue& red ends of the spectrum.
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What is the thylakoid?
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The thylakoid is made up of stacks of disks and is the site of dependent reactions because it has chlorophyll.
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What is the Stroma?
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. Gel surrounding the thylakoids
. Site of independent reaction |
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Why do leaves in the fall change color?
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. Decrease in light intensity & length.
. Causes the chlorophyll molecule to break down, exposing to other pigments. |
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What is Cellular Respiration?
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Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.
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What is the formula for Cellular Respiration?
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6O2-6CO2+6H2O+ chemical energy
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What are the four steps of Cellular Respiration?
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1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation 3. Krebs cycle |
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What happens during Glycolysis?
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Occurs in the cytoplasm, breaks down Gluscose into two pyruvate molecules.
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What happens during pyruvate oxidation?
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If oxygen is present, pyruvate is transformed into a form the cell can use. Pyruvate is a poison to the cell. CO2 has been removed.
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During the Krebs Cycle How many NAD+ and FAD are made in once compete cycle what are they reduced to form?
How many ATP are formed during one compete cycle? How many CO2 are molecules are produced after one complete cycle. what happens to our numbers since glycolysis provides 2 pyruvate molecules? |
.During one complete cycle 3 NAD+ and 1 FAD are reduced to form 3 NADH and 1 FADH.
. During one complete cycle 1 ATP is formed, and 2 CO2 molecules are produced. . Since glycolysis provides 2 pyruvate molecules we Double all our numbers! |
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Where does the ETC occur?
What does this involve? What is passed inbetween these molecules? What does this result in? What is required for this step? How many ATP are made? |
- Occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
-Involves a group of molecules built into the inner membrane of the mitochondrion - Electrons pulled off of food by Glycolyisis and Krebs are passed between these molecules. - This will ultimately result in the production of ATP. - Oxygen is required for this step. -32 ATP are made. |
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What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration?
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Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, respiration occurs (Krebs, ETC)
Anaerobic no oxygen present. |
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What does Lactic acid cause in animals? What is this process called? What is it called in bacteria and yeast? what is this process called?
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.In animals it causes muscle cramps this process is called LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
. In bacteria and yeast it is called ETHYL, ALCOHOL & CO2 Process is called Alcohol Fermentation. |
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What are the types of proteins?
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Primary,Secondary,Tertiary and Quaternary
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What is Denaturation?
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Changes in the shape of the protein by physical or chemical factors such as heat,radiation, or PH changes
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What is coagulation?
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Permanent change in the shape of the protein
e.g. boiling egg which, acid in the eye. |
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What are chemical tests?
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Tests used to determine the presence of different types of organic molecules
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What does the chemical test Benedicts Reagent used for?
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Tests for the presence of Simple Sugars.
Negative test- after heating the solution remains blue Positive- After heating the Blue benedict solution turn yellow to orange |
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What is the purpose of the Iodine test?
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.Test for Starch
Negative- the iodine soultion remains amber Positive- the iodine solution turns blue black. |
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What is the purpose of the Biure Test?
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Test for peptide bonds
.Biuret solution is blue Negative- remains blue Positive- turns purple |
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What is the purpose of the sudan IV & translucence test?
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.Test for fats
. If fat is present in the sample tested, a red of pink colour will result |
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What is the translucence test?
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A test that looks for the presence of fats by rubbing samples of a piece of unglazed paper.
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