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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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the processing by which cells obtain energy in the form of ATP by OXIDIZING molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins)into CO2 and WATER
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ATP
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adenosine tri-phosphate
a nucleotide used to transport energy within a cell |
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What two cellular processes produce ATP?
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cellular respiration
& photosynthesis |
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Energy released due to the _______ of glucose is used to synthesize ATP from _______ and _________.
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oxidation
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) & inorganic phosphate (Pi) |
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OIL RIG
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Oxidation Is Loss (- hydrogen)
Reduction Is Gain (+ hydrogen) |
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In oxidation energy is ______ due to the ___________. In reduction energy is ______ due to the ___________.
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released
removal hydrogen atoms used addition of hydrogen atoms |
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CYTOSOL
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the internal fluid of the cell
made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many enzymes that catalyze reactions (aka - the liquid portion of the cytoplasm) |
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CYTOPLASM
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the "molecular soup" in which the organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane within the plasma membrane of a cell and surrounds the nuclear envelope and the cytoplasmic organelles
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Where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?
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MITOCHONDRIA
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Where in the mitochodria does the Krebs Cycle occur?
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MATRIX
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What are the stages of Aerobic respiration?
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glycolysis
Krebs' Cycle cytochrome system |
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Where in the mitochondria is the cytochrome system located?
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CRISTAE
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By what other names is the Krebs' Cycle known?
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Citric Acid Cycle
TCA Cycle Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle |
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Define GLYCOLYSIS
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the ANAEROBIC BREAKDOWN of a 6-carbon GLUCOSE molecule into two 3-carbon PYRUVIC ACID units
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During gylcolysis _____ are lost and join with NAD to form _____.
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2 hydrogen atoms
NADH2 |
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REDUCTION
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the ADDITION of HYDROGEN atoms
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Although some energy is used in the process, what is the overall net gain of glycolysis?
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2 ATP
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After glycolysis the pyruvic acid enters the _______ where it is _____ to form _______.
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mitochondria
oxidized acetyl CoA |
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When Pyruvic Acid is converted into Acetyl CoA what is lost?
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2 Hydrogen atoms &
CO2 |
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Pyruvic Acid is a ____ carbon atom formed from _______.
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3
glucose |
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Acetyl CoA is a ____ carbon atom formed from ______
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2
pyruvic acid |
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OXIDATION
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the REMOVAL of HYDROGEN atoms
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The hydrogens removed when Pyruvic Acid is converted into Acetyl CoA join with ____ to form _____ and carbon is released as
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NAD
NADH2 CO2 |
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The KREBS CYCLE takes place in the ____ of the mitochodria.
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MATRIX
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The KREBS CYCLE is the _____ and requires _____
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AEROBIC
OXYGEN |
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What is the first step of the KREBS CYCLE?
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ACETYL CoA (2C) + 4C compound = Citric Acid (6C)
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What is the second step of the KREBS CYCLE?
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Citric Acid (6C) - CO2 - 2H = 5C compound
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During the KREBS CYCLE one Pyruvate molecule generates ________.
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3 CO2
4 NADH2 1 FADH2 1 ATP |
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NAD
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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the primary energy producers of the cell
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MITOCHONDRIA
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The MATRIX of the Mitochodria contains ________.
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mDNA (mitochodrial DNA), tRNA, ribosomes, and enzymes
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How much ATP is produced by the KREBS CYCLE?
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NONE - Hydrogens are produced and carried to the inner mitochodrial layer by NADH2 and FADH2
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During the third step of the KREBS CYCLE what occurs?
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5C compound - CO2 - 2H = 4C compound
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What are the last two steps of the KREBS CYCLE?
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4C compound - 2H --> 4C compound - 2H --> 4C copmound available to bind with CoA again
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What other names is the CYTOCHROME SYSTEM known as?
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Hydrogen Carrier System
Electron Transport System |
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Where is most of the energy produced during respiration?
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Electron Transport System
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In the ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM ____ molecules produced during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle transfer _____
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NADH2
Hydrogen atoms |
