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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biosphere
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consists of all environments on earth that support life
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Ecosystem
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consists of all organism living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which organisms interact
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Community
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all the organisms living in an ecosystem
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Population
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interacting group of individuals of one species
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Organism
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individual living thing
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Organ System
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ex. circulatory, digestive, or nervous system
consists of several organs that work together in performing specific functions |
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Organ
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the things that work together in an organ system to perform specific functions
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Tissues
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make up organs; each has a specific function
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Cell
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unit of living matter separated from its environment by a boundary called a membrane [unit of life]
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Organelle
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structure that performs a specific function in a cell [not alive]
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Molecule
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cluster of atoms held together by a chemical
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Atom
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smallest particle of ordinary matter
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Producers
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provide food for a typical environment
plants and other photosynthetic organisms |
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Consumers
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eat plants and other animals
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Decomposers
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bacteria, fungi, and small animals in soil
act as recyclers--change complex dead matter into simple mineral nutrients that plants can use |
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Emergent properties
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"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
with each step upward in the hierarchy of biological order, novel properties emerge that result from the arrangement and interactions of the component parts |
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System
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combination of components that form a more complex organization
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Prokaryotic Cell
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much simpler and usually much smaller than eukaryotic cell
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Eukaryotic Cell
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subdivided by internal membranes into many different functional compartments, or organelles, including the nucleus that houses the cell's DNA
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Species
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term used for a particular type of organism
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Taxonomy
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branch of bio that names and classifies species
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Kingdoms
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diversity of life was divided into 5 kingdoms but there has been a reevaluation of the # and boundaries
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Domains
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3 overarching groups
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Bacteria
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consists of prokaryotes
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Archaea
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consists of prokaryotes; live in extreme places
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Eukarya
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eukaryotes; organisms with eukaryotic cells
opposite properties from prokaryotes divided into four kingdoms: protist, plants, fungi, and animals |
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Prokaryotes
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organisms with prokaryotic cells; most are unicellular and microscopic
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Theories
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comprehensive ideas [synthesizing comprehensive idea based on many observations]
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Natural Selection
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a mechanism for evolution
"occurs as heritable variations are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others." |
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Individual Variation
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individuals in a population vary in many heritable traits
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Overproduction and Competition
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with more individuals than the environment can support, competition is inevitable
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Unequal Reproductive Success
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individuals are unequal in their likelihood of surviving and reproducing
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Evolutionary Adaptation
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accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time
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Discovery Science
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describing nature
data = verifiable observations and measurements inductive reasoning |
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Hypothesis-Based Science
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explaining nature
deductive reasoning test using "If...then" logic |
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Hypothesis
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tentative answer to some question--an explanation on trial
must be testable and falsifiable |
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Controlled Experiment
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one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
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Goal of Technology
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generally to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose
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