Biology Vocab From Chapter 30

Front 1

Blood

Back 1

is a type of connective tissue made up of cells and liquid

Front 2

Heart

Back 2

multi-chambered muscular organ

Front 3

Capillaries

Back 3

microscopic blood vessels that carry blood between an artery and a vein allowing the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid

Front 4

Arteries

Back 4

a system of thick walled blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body

Front 5

Veins

Back 5

blood is returned from the capillaries to the heart through vessels called veins

Front 6

Lymph

Back 6

a collective fluid – a fluid that is similar to the interstitial fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system

Front 7

Pulmonary circuit

Back 7

carries oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs and the oxygen rich blood back to the heart

Front 8

Systemic circuit

Back 8

carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body and oxygen depleted blood back to the heart

Front 9

Aorta

Back 9

the artery that supplies oxygen rich blood to all of the body

Front 10

Atria

Back 10

the two upper chambers, which receive, blood returning to the heart

Front 11

Ventricles

Back 11

two lower chambers, which pump blood out of the heart

Front 12

Valves

Back 12

flaps of tissue in the heart which prevent blood from flowing backwards –located between the atria and the ventricles, and also between the ventricles and the arteries leading from the heart

Front 13

Pacemaker

Back 13

a specific region of your heart muscle that sets the rate at which your heart contracts –located in the wall of the right atrium –generates electrical impulses that spread rapidly over the wall of both atria making them contract

Front 14

AV node

Back 14

a region of the heart that impulses are sent to

Front 15

Systolic pressure

Back 15

the highest recorded pressure in an artery when ventricles contract (top number)

Front 16

Diastolic Pressure

Back 16

(second number) the lowest recorded pressure in an artery during the relaxation phase of the heart beat

Front 17

Plasma

Back 17

55% of blood is plasma; liquid portion of the blood made up of water, dissolved salts, proteins and other substances

Front 18

Red blood cells

Back 18

carries oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues of the body-remaining 45% of blood volume consists of mostly red blood cells

Front 19

Hemoglobin

Back 19

a protein that temporarily stores oxygen for delivery to the cells – good transporter of oxygen because it contains iron

Front 20

White blood cells

Back 20

also called leukocytes –have nuclei and mitochondria and are responsible for fighting infection and preventing cancer

Front 21

Platelets

Back 21

the clotting process depends on small fragments of blood cells – originates in the bone marrow

Front 22

Plaque

Back 22

cholesterol, calcium and fat deposits

Front 23

Cardiovascular disease

Back 23

illness of the heart and/or blood vessels

Front 24

Arteriosclerosis

Back 24

narrowing of arteries that result from plaque build up inside the artery wall.

Front 25

Heart attack

Back 25

a blood clot could close up the artery leading to a heart attack

Front 26

Arteriosclerosis

Back 26

more advanced stage of plaque build up that occurs when the deposits on the artery wall harden

Front 27

Hypertension

Back 27

high blood pressure

Front 28

Stroke

Back 28

a blood clot that forms in the artery going to the brain that damages brain tissue resulting from the blocked blood flow

Front 29

Pharynx

Back 29

throat –passageways for air and food

Front 30

Epiglottis

Back 30

flap of tissue-which prevents food and water from entering-momentarily covers the air pathway

Front 31

Larynx

Back 31

voice box that vibrates as you exhale which in turn produces sound

Front 32

Trachea

Back 32

windpipe

Front 33

Bronchi

Back 33

air tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs

Front 34

Lungs

Back 34

consists of sponge-like tissue each about the size of a football; function in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood

Front 35

Bronchioles

Back 35

thin tube that branches form a bronchus within a lung

Front 36

Alveoli

Back 36

each bronchiole ends in a grape like clusters of tiny air sacs

Front 37

Diaphragm

Back 37

a sheet of muscle, which forms the bottom wall of the chest cavity and plays a key role in breathing

Front 38

Emphysema

Back 38

smoking related disease –causes the walls of the alveoli to lose their elasticity –this results in air becoming trapped in the alveoli during exhalation.

Front 39

Pacemaker

Back 39

sets the rate at which your heart contracts – located in the wall of the right atrium –generates electrical impulses that spread rapidly over the atria making them contract –impulses spread to the AV node –then spread to the ventricles causing them to contract –ventricles propel blood to the rest of the body. During diastole atria and ventricles are relaxed allowing blood from veins to enter the heart. Systole is the contraction phase where the atria contract and blood is forced into the ventricles which are relaxed –then the ventricles contract –pumping blood into arteries –while the atria are relaxed –cycle repeats every second when you are resting.

Front 40

Three Main components of the circulatory system

Back 40

1. Blood
2. Heart
3. Blood Vessels= blood flows through blood vessels, tubes that form a closed pipeline line within the body.