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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an Atom? |
-Consists of a nucleus -consists of positively charged protons -Consists of neutrally charged neutrons |
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What kind of electrons are outside the nucleus? |
Negatively charged |
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What is a molecule? |
groups of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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What is electronegativity? |
-The ability of an atom to attract electrons. -it plays a huge part in determining the kind of bond that forms |
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What are the three kinds of bonds? |
Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen |
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What is ionic bonding? |
It forms between two atoms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Ex: Na+ Cl- =NaCl |
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What is covalent bonding? |
Forms when electrons between atoms are shared. - they occur when electronegativities of atoms are similar. -nonpolar and polar |
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What is a non polar covalent bond? |
forms when electrons are shared equally ex: O2 |
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What is a polar covalent bond? |
Forms when electrons are shared unequally. Ex: H2O, since O2 has a very strong electronegativity and H+ doesn't. |
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Hydrogen bonding |
-bonds are weak bonds between molecules |
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What has the strongest electronegativity? Nonpolar, ionic, or polar? |
Ionic, polar, nonpolar |
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What does hydrophilic mean? |
-"Water loving" -substances that dissolve in water |
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What does hydrophobic mean? |
-"Fear of water" |
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What is the universal solvent? |
water |
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What is a solute? |
substance that dissolves in a solvent |
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What is an aqueous solution? |
when the solvent is water |
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What is specific heat? |
-a degree in which a substance changes temperature in response to gain or loss of heat |
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What is the sweating analogy? |
When you sweat, sweat evaporates from skin, large amounts of heat are taken out, and you are cooled.
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What happens when water is changed from a solid to a liquid or liquid changes to a gas? |
Energy is absorbed, but water temperature is constant |
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What happens when gas changes to a liquid and liquid changes to a solid? |
energy is released, reestablished hydrogen bonds. |
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What is heat of fusion? |
energy required to change a solid to a liquid |
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What is heat of vaporization? |
When energy is required to change liquid to a gas |
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What does water float in the form of an ice cube? |
when water freezes, it expands, becoming less dense. |
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Water has strong________ and high _______________ |
cohesion, surface tension |
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What is cohesion? |
Attraction between like substances |
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What is adhesion? |
attraction of unlike substances Ex: fingers wet, you can pick stuff up easier. |
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What are macromolecules? |
large organic molecules that consist of hundreds and thousands of atoms.. |
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What are polymers? |
molecules that consist of a single unit (monomer) and it is repeated many times. |
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What is a monosaccharide? |
Simplest kind of carbohydrate |
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What does a monosaccharide consist of? |
fructose/glucose |
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What is glucose's formula? |
C6H12O6 |
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What are the two kinds o glucose? |
theta-glucose and Beta-glucose |
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What is a disaccharide? |
Contains two sugar molecules joined by a glycosidic linkage. -when joining, a molecule is lost. |
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What is a polysaccharide? |
It consists of a series of connected monosaccarides. |
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What is a polysaccharide considered a polymer? |
Because of the repeating units of monosaccharides |
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What is starch? |
-polymer of theta-glucose -energy storage molecule in plants |
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What is glycogen? |
-polymer of theta-glucose -energy storage molecule in animals |
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What is cellulose? |
-polymer of B-glucose -structural molecule in the walls of plant cells |
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What is cellulose a major component of? |
wood |
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What is chitin? |
B-glucose and nitrogen containing group attached to ring.
-structural molecule in walls of fungus cells and exoskeleton of insects, arthropods, and mollusks. |
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What is a lipid? |
Class of substances nearly insoluble in water, but highly soluble in non polar substances. |
