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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phylum Chordata characteristics |
Notochord (stiff dorsal rod for support)3 sub Hollow dorsal nerve cord(slits on top) Pharyngeal (throat slits) |
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Three sub phylas |
1. UROCHORDATA 2. CEPHLACHORDATA 3. VERTEBRATA UR |
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Urochordata |
*tunicates Small marine animals Filter feeders Notochord and dorsal nerve cord larvae only |
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Cephalchordata |
*lanclets Small fishlike creatures Sandy tropical ocean bottoms Adults have hill slits notochord nerve chord and hands |
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Vertebrae |
*Fish, amphibians, etc Backbone Two pairs appendages Close circulatory system Ventral heart vertebral column |
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Advantages of having a vertebrate |
Structure and support flexibility attachment sites for muscles nerve cord |
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Fish (CLASS AGNATHA) |
Jawless fish Eel like body circulatory mouth tab two chambered no scales no paired fins no bones have no notochords as adults Echotomic |
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Class Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fish) |
Example sharks skates etc. jaw two chambered heart tough small scales paired fins Cartilaginous endoskeleton ectothermic |
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Class Osteichthyes |
Bony fish ( tuna Salmon etc.) jaw 2 chambered heart scales Paired fins Bony endoskeleton gills swimbladder ectothermic |
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Evolutionary advancss |
Jaw Paired fins(allow for movement) Swim bladder(balances buoyancy) Lateral line system Operculum ( Gil cover) |
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Internal anatomy a bony fish |
Back (Definition) |
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Systems: feeding |
-Herbivores; parrot fish, surgeonfish -Carnivores; tuna, great white -Parasites; lamprey male angler fish -Filter feeders; whale sharks, manta ray -Detritus feeders; hagfish |
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Digestive system consists of... |
Mouth pharynx esophagus stomach pyloric ceca Intestine Anus liver and pancreas secrete enzymes for digestion |
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Respiration |
Gills; water pumps past the mouth delivering 02 to the gills. Gills are protected by flap called the operculum. Swim Bladder in bony fish regulates the buoyancy. Some air breathing fish use it to obtain 02 from air Believed to be the prosecutor to lungs in terrestrial vertebrae |
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Internal transport |
Close circulatory system ventral heart 2 chambered heart (atrium, collecting chamber) Ventricle (pumping chamber) Single loop |
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Movement |
Skeletal system begins at spine Vertebrae are bone, protect organs, maintain fin shape Muscles attach to skeleton Shark made of cartilage |
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Response |
-Well-developed brain; olfactory...bulb, tract, lobe -Cerebellum; coordinates body movements. -Cerebrum ; voluntary actions. -Optic lobe -Medulla; organ function, maintains balance -Spinal cord/nerves
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Well developed senses... |
- well developed eyes (coloured vision) -sense of taste/smell due fo chemoreceptors -sensitive mouth detector called lateral line - some fish detect electricity (eels Sharks ) |
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Reproduction |
Most separate sexes. Fertilization may be external or internal. Parental care varies with each species. |
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Oviparous |
Egg laying outside mother's body. Most fish. |
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Oviviparous |
Give birth to live young. Nourished by food stored in yolk sac (Basket shark)
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Viviparous |
Give birth to live young. Nurse by the mothers during development. (Most sharks) |
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Amphibians |
Larva are fishlike and aquatic: gills. Adults are terrestrial; lungs. Smallest group of living vertebrates. Most slimy skin contains many glands. Webbed feet. No scales and clause. Ectothermic(do not regulate own temp) |
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Evolutionary advances |
-movement onto land. -Lungs -limbs -three chambered heart. |
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Organization : Order apoda |
– No legs -Like giant segmented worms -No legs -Burrows in soil |
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Order Urodela |
– Examples (salamanders newts.) – Long tails. – Slender bodies. -Four legs at right angles. |
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Order Anura |
– Example ; frogs, toads. – No tales and adults. – Powerful jumping legs. |
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Systems : feeding |
– Tadpole; filter feeders, herbivores -adults, almost entirely carnivorous. – Adult frogs; sticky tons, catch prey. - gullet, stretch, accommodate food. |
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Digestive system |
– ( mouth, esophagus, stomach, ...mechanically and some chemical digestion...small intestine chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients, large intestines absorption of salts , H2O, some nutrients, anus , liver and pancreas. |
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Respiratory |
-Tadpoles; gills - adults ; lungs - no respiratory muscles - |
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Internal transport |
-Closed circulatory -3 chambered heart - 2 atria( collecting chambers) - 1 ventricle, pumping chamber |
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Excretion |
-Kidneys; filter nitrogenous waste - mainly ammonia - regulates solute/h2o balance -stores urine in bladder exit via cloaca |
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Movement |
-sketch muscles attached to vertebrate and bones project out from vertebrae |
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Response |
-Well developed brain with same structure as fish - larger cerebrum ( thoughts, planning, processing, -Larger cerebellum ( balance and coordination) -sharp vision for spotting inspects and tympanic transmits vibrations to ear
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Reproduction |
-seperate sexes -most oviparous |
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Class reptilia |
- dry skin covered with scales – lungs. -Three chambered heart. -Toes and claws -ectothermic -lay Atomic eggs |
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Order rhyhocephalia |
Only in New Zealand Tuatara |
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Order Squamata |
Carnivores , terrestrial Snakes , lizards |
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Order crocodila |
Carnivores,aquatic Alligators |
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Order chelonia |
Turtles |
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Evolutionarily advances |
Dry skin. Movement on land Scales made of thick keratin , fills cells Lungs with muscles Amniotic Eggs have hard exterior 4 membranes : gas, nutrients, waste, protection
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Feeding |
Herbivores Carnivores Teeth Internal digestion system ; mouth, esophagus, stomach, cloaca, large/small intestine , anus , liver and pancras |
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Respiratory |
Well developed lungs |