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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Phylum Chordata characteristics

Notochord (stiff dorsal rod for support)3 sub


Hollow dorsal nerve cord(slits on top)


Pharyngeal (throat slits)

Three sub phylas

1. UROCHORDATA


2. CEPHLACHORDATA


3. VERTEBRATA


UR

Urochordata

*tunicates


Small marine animals


Filter feeders


Notochord and dorsal nerve cord larvae only

Cephalchordata

*lanclets


Small fishlike creatures


Sandy tropical ocean bottoms


Adults have hill slits notochord nerve chord and hands

Vertebrae

*Fish, amphibians, etc


Backbone


Two pairs appendages


Close circulatory system


Ventral heart


vertebral column

Advantages of having a vertebrate

Structure and support


flexibility


attachment sites for muscles nerve cord

Fish (CLASS AGNATHA)

Jawless fish


Eel like body


circulatory mouth tab


two chambered


no scales


no paired fins


no bones


have no notochords as adults


Echotomic

Class Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fish)

Example sharks skates etc.


jaw


two chambered heart


tough small scales


paired fins


Cartilaginous endoskeleton ectothermic

Class Osteichthyes

Bony fish ( tuna Salmon etc.)


jaw


2 chambered heart


scales


Paired fins


Bony endoskeleton


gills


swimbladder ectothermic

Evolutionary advancss

Jaw


Paired fins(allow for movement)


Swim bladder(balances buoyancy)


Lateral line system


Operculum ( Gil cover)

Internal anatomy a bony fish

Back (Definition)

Systems: feeding

-Herbivores; parrot fish, surgeonfish


-Carnivores; tuna, great white


-Parasites; lamprey male angler fish


-Filter feeders; whale sharks, manta ray


-Detritus feeders; hagfish

Digestive system consists of...

Mouth


pharynx


esophagus


stomach


pyloric ceca


Intestine


Anus


liver and pancreas secrete enzymes for digestion

Respiration

Gills; water pumps past the mouth delivering 02 to the gills.


Gills are protected by flap called the operculum.


Swim Bladder in bony fish regulates the buoyancy.


Some air breathing fish use it to obtain 02 from air


Believed to be the prosecutor to lungs in terrestrial vertebrae

Internal transport

Close circulatory system


ventral heart


2 chambered heart (atrium, collecting chamber)


Ventricle (pumping chamber)


Single loop

Movement

Skeletal system begins at spine


Vertebrae are bone, protect organs, maintain fin shape


Muscles attach to skeleton


Shark made of cartilage

Response

-Well-developed brain;


olfactory...bulb, tract, lobe


-Cerebellum; coordinates body movements.


-Cerebrum ; voluntary actions. -Optic lobe


-Medulla; organ function, maintains balance


-Spinal cord/nerves




Well developed senses...

- well developed eyes (coloured vision)


-sense of taste/smell due fo chemoreceptors


-sensitive mouth detector called lateral line


- some fish detect electricity (eels Sharks )

Reproduction

Most separate sexes. Fertilization may be external or internal.


Parental care varies with each species.

Oviparous

Egg laying outside mother's body.


Most fish.

Oviviparous

Give birth to live young. Nourished by food stored in yolk sac


(Basket shark)


Viviparous

Give birth to live young.


Nurse by the mothers during development.


(Most sharks)

Amphibians

Larva are fishlike and aquatic: gills.


Adults are terrestrial; lungs. Smallest group of living vertebrates.


Most slimy skin contains many glands.


Webbed feet.


No scales and clause. Ectothermic(do not regulate own temp)

Evolutionary advances

-movement onto land.


-Lungs


-limbs


-three chambered heart.

Organization : Order apoda

– No legs


-Like giant segmented worms


-No legs


-Burrows in soil

Order Urodela

– Examples (salamanders newts.)


– Long tails.


– Slender bodies.


-Four legs at right angles.

Order Anura

– Example ; frogs, toads.


– No tales and adults.


– Powerful jumping legs.

Systems : feeding

– Tadpole; filter feeders, herbivores


-adults, almost entirely carnivorous.


– Adult frogs; sticky tons, catch prey.


- gullet, stretch, accommodate food.

Digestive system

– ( mouth, esophagus, stomach, ...mechanically and some chemical digestion...small intestine chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients, large intestines absorption of salts , H2O, some nutrients, anus , liver and pancreas.

Respiratory

-Tadpoles; gills


- adults ; lungs


- no respiratory muscles


-

Internal transport

-Closed circulatory


-3 chambered heart


- 2 atria( collecting chambers)


- 1 ventricle, pumping chamber

Excretion

-Kidneys; filter nitrogenous waste


- mainly ammonia


- regulates solute/h2o balance


-stores urine in bladder exit via cloaca

Movement

-sketch muscles attached to vertebrate and bones project out from vertebrae

Response

-Well developed brain with same structure as fish


- larger cerebrum ( thoughts, planning, processing,


-Larger cerebellum ( balance and coordination)


-sharp vision for spotting inspects and tympanic transmits vibrations to ear


Reproduction

-seperate sexes


-most oviparous

Class reptilia

- dry skin covered with scales


– lungs.


-Three chambered heart.


-Toes and claws


-ectothermic


-lay Atomic eggs

Order rhyhocephalia

Only in New Zealand


Tuatara

Order Squamata

Carnivores , terrestrial


Snakes , lizards

Order crocodila

Carnivores,aquatic


Alligators

Order chelonia

Turtles

Evolutionarily advances

Dry skin.


Movement on land


Scales made of thick keratin , fills cells


Lungs with muscles


Amniotic


Eggs have hard exterior


4 membranes : gas, nutrients, waste, protection


Feeding

Herbivores


Carnivores


Teeth


Internal digestion system ; mouth, esophagus, stomach, cloaca, large/small intestine , anus , liver and pancras

Respiratory

Well developed lungs