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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of inheritance shown when a red-flowering plant is crossed with a white flowering plant and only pink-flowering plants are produced?
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type of inheritance shown when a red-flowering plant is crossed with a white flowering plant and only pink-flowering plants are produced IS INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE.
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What trait is controlled by four alleles?
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trait is controlled by four alleles is said to have MULTIPLE ALLELES.
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What is the sex chromosomes?
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THE 23RD PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES THAT DIFFER IN MALES AND FEMALES ARE CALLED sex chromosomes.
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When roan cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen that the coat of roan cow consists fof both red and white hairs. What controlls this trait?
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CODOMINANT ALLELES
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What type of inheritance controlls the eye color ?
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eye color in humans is the result of POLYGENIC inhertance.
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What type of inheritance is Royal hempfilia.
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Royal hemophilia is the results of SEX-LINKED inhertance
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What type of inheritance is the blood types A,B, AB, O?
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the blood types A,B, AB, O are the results of MULTIPLE ALLELIC INHERITANCE.
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What causes most human genetic disorders?
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Most human genetic disorders are caused by the expression of RECESSIVE ALLELES.
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How many dominant alleles must be present in a parent(s) to result in phenotypefrom dominant allele ?
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A phenotype that results from dominant allele must have at least ONE dominant alles present in the parent.
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What causes both hemophilia and red-green color blindness?
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both hemophilia and red-green color blindness are SEX-LINKED CONDITIONS.
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How does a dicot root differ from a monocot root?
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Root differs in the arrangement of xylem and phloem.
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How is nitrogen released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere?
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nitrogen released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the PROCESS OF DEATH AND DECAY BY BACTERIA
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What is an example of habitat of sea stars?
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Sea star live in saltwater ecosystems.This is a description of the HABITAT of sea stars.
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If cougars are predators that often eat weakened or disease animals. This a discription of what?
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If cougars are predators that often eat weakened or disease animals. This is a description of the NICHE of cougars.
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What is an ecologis studing if he studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic parts of the environment. He is interest in what biological organization level?
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an ecologis studing if he studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic parts of the environment. He is interest in what biological organization level ECOSYSTEM
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What biological organization if an ecologist studies how several species in an interact?
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COMMUNITY
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How does the arrangement of vascular tissue differ between monocot and dicot stems
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In young dicot stems and stems that do not increase in thickness, xylem and phloem are arranged in vasular bundles in the cortex.
In Monocot - vasular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. |
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What is stable ecosystem that develops due succession?
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stable ecosystem that develops due succession is A CLIMAX COMMUNITY.
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What type of reproductive strategy in bacteria is characteric determined by their size, rapid maturation and short life span?
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RAPID
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What strategy is likely employed by the giant land tortoises of the Galapagos Island and sequoias of California?
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the giant land tortoises of the Galapagos Island and sequoias of California indicates that they likely employ a strategy of SLOW GROWTH.
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What type of environment is required if an organisms employ a strategy of slow reproduction?
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organisms employ a strategy of slow reproduction usually require an environment that IS STABLE.
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What shape did a population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity?
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a population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of an S
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What limiting factor is not influenced by population densities?
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density-independent factors are limiting factors who effects are not influenced by population densities.
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What is the maximum number of individual organism that could be supported by a given environment indefinitely?
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For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organism that could be supported by a given environment indefinitely.
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What did unrestricted populations of organisms experience?
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unrestricted populations of organisms experience EXPONENTIAL GROWTH.
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What are studying if you study all the growth characteristics of a human population?
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are studying if you study all the growth characteristics of a human population -DEMOGRAPHY
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What is the major threat to biodiversity?
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the major threat to biodiversity is HABITAT LOSS
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What is an example of habitat degradation?
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WATER AND AIR POLLUTION -Acid rain changes the pH of soil, killing some trees is an example of habitat degradation.
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What is the system of naming species in which two words are used to name an organism?
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the system of naming species in which two words are used to name an organism is BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
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What is classification?
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The placing of information or objects into groups based on certain similarities is CLASSIFICATION.
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What is taxonomy?
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The science of grouping and naming organisms
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What industries is bacteria used?
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farming, medical industry and food industry
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What sturcture in some bacteria is resistant to adverse environmental factors?
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ENDOSPORE
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What process brings about an exchange of genetic information between bacterial cells?
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CONJUGATION
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What is a bacteriophage?
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a virus that infects a bacterial cell
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Where are virus found?
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Air, Soil, Water
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How does penicillin kill bacteria?
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causing holes to develop in their cell walls.
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How is Streptococcus arranged?
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long chains of round cells
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What type of disease is Downy mildew?
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Plant disease
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What causes red tides?
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The plantlike protist- dinoflagellates
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What is flagellate?
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a protozoan that moves by lashing one or more of its whiplike parts
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Which protest group produces much of the oxygen on Earth?
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Algae
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How does amoeba engulf food?
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surrounding the food with pseudopodia
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How are protozoan classified?
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the way that they move
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What parallel veins in a leaf indicate?
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momocotyledon
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What do veins of a leaf contain?
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vasular tissue
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Wherre does most photsynthesis take place?
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in a palisade mesophyll
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What is the primary function of plant leaves?
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to trap sunlight for photosynthesis
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Where are cells in the apical meristem that cause a root to grow longer found?
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Just behind the root tip
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Why is a plant a dicot?
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it has netted veins
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How is the size of the stomata reduced?
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To control water - guard cells
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How are sugars and other organic compounds trasported throughout the plant?
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Phloem
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What produces new xylem and phloem cells in the stems and roots?
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vasular cambium
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What is the study of how living things relate to each other and to their environment?
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Ecology
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What is the relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit?
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mutualism
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What is the network of interconnected food chains?
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food web
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What is the relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited?
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Commensalism
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What is the layer of Earth that supports life?
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biosphere
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What feeds on dead organisms?
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scavenger
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What is the simple model for showing how matter and energy move through an ecosystem?
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food chain
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What group is formed by serveral populations?
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biological community
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What manufactures food using energy from the sun or from chemical compounds?
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trophic level
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What is the relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits at the expense of another?
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parasitism
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Where is the place where an organism spends its life?
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habitat
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What is the step in the passage of energy and matter through an ecosystem?
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trophic level
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What obtains energy and nutrients from autotrophs?
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heterotroph
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What breaks down dead organisms?
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decomposer
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What is group of related classes?
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the phylum
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What is the group of related families?
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order
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What is the group of related species?
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genus
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What is the group of related genera?
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family
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What is protist?
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eukaryote lacking complex organ systems
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What the group of related orders?
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class
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What is bacteria?
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microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes
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What is the group of related phyla
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kingdom
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What is the enzyme injected into a host cell, which copies viral RNA into DNA?
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reverse transcriptase
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What is the cell in which a virus reproduces?
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host cell
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What is the bacterial from that is in a state of slow metabolism and that does not reproduce?
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endospore
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What is the process by which bacteria reproduces asexually?
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binary fission
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What is a simple form of sexual reproduction?
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conjugation
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What is a virus that infects bacteria?
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bacteriophage
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What is the process by which some bacteria convert N2 gas into ammonia?
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nitrogen fixation
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What is nonliving particle that can reproduce when in a living cell?
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virus
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What is the proson produced by some bacteria?
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toxin
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What is the life cycle of organisms that have a haploid stage followed by a diploid stage?
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alternation of generations
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What is the kind of reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring identical to itself?
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asexual reproduction
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What are the extensions of a protozoan's plasma membrane, which function in getting food and in locomotion?
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pseudopodia
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What is the diploid form of an alga that develops from a zygote and produces spores?
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sporphyte
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What is group of cells that live together in close association?
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colony
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What is in slime mold, the mass of cytophlasm that contains many diploid nuclew but no cell walls or membranes?
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plasmodium
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What haploid form of an alga produces gametes?
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gametophyte
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What kind of reproduction occurs when an individual breaks up into pieces, each of which grows into a new individual?
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fragmentation
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What is multicelluar and unicelluar photosynthetic protist?
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algae
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What protozoan moves by beating hairlike parts that cover its cell?
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ciliate
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What is an animal-like protist?
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protozoan
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What is gametangium?
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gametangium-in zygomycoes, the haplid sturcture in which gametes are produced
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What is mycorrhiza?
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mycorrhiza-symbiotic association in which a fungus lives in close contact with the roots of a plant partner
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What is ascospore?
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ascospore-sporeproduced by sac fungi
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What is ascus?
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Ascus- saclike structure in which secual spores develop in some fungi
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What is lichen?
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lichen- symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium
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What is chitin?
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chitin-complex carbohydrate in the cell walls of fungi
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What is stolons?
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stolons- hyphae that grow horizontally along the surface of a food source
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What is zygospore?
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zygospore- thick-walled spores adapted to withstand unfavorable conditons
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What is sporangium?
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sporangium- case in which asexual spores are produced
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What is haustoria?
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haustoria-in parasitic fungi,s pecialized hyphae that penetrate cells and absorb nutrients.
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What is the tissue in the cortex that can act as storage area for food and water?
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parenchyma
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What is mesophyll?
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mesophyll-photosynthetic tissue of leaf
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What the cell that surround and controls the opening of the stomata?
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guard cell
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What is the vacular cambium?
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vacular cambium - growth tissue between xylem and phloem that produces additional xylem and phloem
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What is cortex?
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cortex-cell layer inside the epidermis that helps to transport water to the vascular core
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What is companion cell?
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companion cell-contains a nucleus and helps control movement through the sieve cell
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What is apical meristem?
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apical meristem-growth tissue that remains just behind the root tip
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What made up of phloem tissue and a cork cambium that protects the stem?
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bark
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What is any portion of the plant that uses or stores sugars?
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sink
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What is the stalk that joins the leaf blade to the stem?
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petiole
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What is the end walls between two sieve tube members?
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sieve plate
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What is the tissue that gives rise to lateral roots?
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pericycle
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What is the genetic reason Down syndrome?
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Down syndrome is the result of trisomy of chromsome 21
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What are various levels of biolgical organization that are studied by an ecologist?
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Levels of the individual organism, populations,communities, ecosystems and biosphere.
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Name 2 biomes and list at least three common plants and three common animals for each.
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Desert-shrubs, grasses, cacti & snakes, lizards, and cactus wrens
Forest biome-mosses ,ferns deciduous trees & squirrel deer, skunks,birds |
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Describe the general characteristics and tive two examples of organisms that employ a strategy of rapid reproduction that produces many offspring.
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organism that have small body, mature rapidly, reproduce early, have a short life span. EXAMPLES: flies & mosquitoes
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Explain why biodiversity is important to people.
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Resources include food clothing, material and medical drugs.
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Describe four types of threats to biodiversity.
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1. Habitat loss-wildlife area become areas for humans.
2.habit fragmentation-"island" are isolated from other natural areas 3.habitat degradation-polluting of natural areas 4. introduction exotic- bringing new species to place 5. Over hunting or collecting-capture or killing of species |
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Make a list of taxomic categories in order from the largest category to the smalles category. Also includ groups below the level of species.
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Keep putting chocolate our for goodness sake
kingdom phylum or division class order family genus species subspecies varietes forms, cultivars |
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compare and contrast provirus and retrovirus
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A provirus is a DNA virus that has been inserted into a host cell chromosome.
A retrovirus is a RNA virus that contains the enzyme reverse transripatases, Which copies viral RNA into DNA |
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Compare and contrast lytic cyle and lysogenic cycle
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Both are vital reproductive cycle. L
Lytic cycle-virus causes the destruction of the host cell Lysogenic cycle the viral DNA intergrated into the host cell's chromosome |
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Why are viruses not considered to be living things?
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Virus DO NOT carry respiration, grow, or move.
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Why is penicillin ineffective in destroy viruses or animal cells?
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Penicillin interferes with the enzyme that liks the sugar chains in the bacterial cell wall --No effect on them
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Describe the differences between protozoans and algae
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Protozoans is single cell &animal like
algae -has chloroplast and cellulose cell walls |
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How is almost every living thing directly or indirectly dependent on algae?
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Algae produces more than half the oxygen and major producers of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. It forms in Earth's aquatic food chains.
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In what ways do leaves of dicotyledons differ from leaves of moncotyledons?
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Monocots have levaves with parallel veins
Dicotyledons have leaves with netted veins. |
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What are functions of a root?
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Function of root
1. anchor the plant in the ground 2 absorb water & minerals 3 transport these materials to the base of the stem |