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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Autonomous |
A trait inmulticellular organisms in which only mutant cells exhibit the mutantphenotype. |
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Cell Nonautonomous |
mutant cells cause othercells (regardless oftheir genotype) to exhibit a mutant phenotype |
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What is the difference between primordialgerm cells and somatic cells? |
1. Germ plasmand determination ofprimordial germ cells (PGC) 2. Migration of PGCsto thedeveloping gonads 3. Transcriptional silence &Epigenetic Reprogramming |
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Totipotent |
can formextra embryonic tissues (like placenta) ex: Primordial Germ Cells |
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Pluripotent |
cannotform extra embryonic tissues (like placenta) ex: Embryonic Stem Cells |
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Where are Embryonic Stem Cells derived? |
Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of embryo |
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Symmetric Division |
Stem cell daughters are BOTH stem cellsq |
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Asymmetric Division |
Stem cell daughters are 1 stem cell, 1 differentiated cell |
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Morphallaxis |
the majority of the regeneration comes from reorganization or re-patterning ofremaining tissue |
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Epimorphosis |
proliferationof undifferentiated cells that then differentiate to replace lost tissue. |
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Blastema |
created by wounding recruits cells for making new ECM, stem cells place where some cells reprogram their identity (transdetermination or dedifferentiation) |
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Ways Cyclins/Cdks are regulated? |
1. activation of transcription 2. binding of inhibitor/activator 3. proteolysis 4. activating phosphorylation 5. inhibiting phosphorylation |
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Permissive/Competent Induction |
capable or able to form, but needsinstructions |
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Instructive Induction |
giving specific directions to dosomething |
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Components of Somitogenesis |
1.Periodicity – presomitic mesoderm is organized into condensations atregular intervals 2.Specification -- anteriorto posterior gradient of development 3.Epithelialization -- mesenchymal to epithelial transition at boundaries of somites v4.Differentiation -- sclerotome(vertebrae and ribs), myotome (muscles of back, limbs, ribs), dermatome (dermis of back), other (tendons, bloodvessels) |
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sclerotome, myotome, dermatome |
sclerotome (vertebrae and ribs) myotome (muscles of back, limbs, ribs), dermatome (dermis of back) |
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Notch Signalling in Somites |
1. Receives ligand to activate Notch signal 2.turns ON Hes gene expression 3.Hes turns OFF Delta 4.Hes builds up and turnsOFF Hes 5.Delta comes back ON and then signals to neighbor. |
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Shh and BMP |
• Shhpromotes Ventralfate • BMP promotes Dorsal fate in NEURAL TUBE - BMP promotes Ventral fate in LIMB |
