Embryonic Stem Cells Essay

Stem cells are unspecialized cells from which various cells can be created. They sit at the base of a developing cell formation. In addition, in many tissues serve as an internal repair system, stem cells divide nonstop in order to replenish other cells throughout the persons’ lifetime. When a stem cell divides, each new cell may either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, thus they are a tremendously serious matter, not just in the USA, but all around the world. There are two different types of stem cells: embryonic and adult. Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells which come from a 5 day before implantation embryo which is capable of dividing without becoming specialized for a long period of time. They are also know to develop into cells and tissues of the three main germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and the endoderm. The mesoderm creates bone, muscle, connective tissues and kidney structures. Next, the endoderm also known as the “gut” creates lungs and other respiratory and digestive organs. Finally, the ectoderm helps form the nervous system, sensory organs, and skin. …show more content…
Although if cells are allowed to clump together to form embryoid bodies they will naturally begin spontaneous differentiation. Although, spontaneous differentiation is a good hint which shows that a culture of embryonic stem cells is healthy, it is not a good way to produce cultures of specific cell types and is quite time consuming. As a result, scientists try to control the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. They modify the chemical composition of the culture, change the surface of the culture dish, or adjust the cells by inserting specific genes. Through years of experimentation, scientists have established some basic protocols for the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into some specific cell