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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the muscle |
Produces movement, maintain postures stabilize joints, produces body heat |
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Excitability |
Respond to and receive stimuli |
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Contractility |
Shorten forcibly when stimulated |
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Extensibility |
Stretch |
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Elasticity |
Recoil to resting length |
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Skeletal muscle |
Nerve and blood supply, very vascular |
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Intercalated discs |
Connects heart muscles to work as a single functioning organ |
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3 connective tissues of skeletal muscles deep to superficial |
Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium |
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How are skeletal muscles attached to bones? |
Insertion and origin |
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Insertion |
The moveable bone |
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Origin |
Less moveable bone |
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Direct |
Epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone or perichondrium of a cartilage |
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Indirect |
The muscles CT wrappings extend beyond the muscle either as a rope like tendon or as a sheet like aponeurosis. |
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Tendon |
Connective tissue. Periosteum to muscle |
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Aponeurosis |
Sheet Like connective tissue |
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Purpose of T tubules |
Increase the muscle fibers surface area |
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What does an action potential traveling along the sarcolemma eventually trigger the release of into the sarcoplasma? |
Sodium |
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Where is calcium stored in a myocyte |
Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Roles of calcium in muscle contraction |
Nerve terminal, breakdown of glycogen and ATP synthesis, sliding of myofilaments |
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What myofilament is not properly formed in muscular dystrophy |
Dystrophin |
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Muscle twitch |
The response to a motor unit to a single action potential of a motor neuron |
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Latent period |
Muscle tension increasing No response on myogram |
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Period of contraction |
Cross bridges are active Myogram recording peaks |
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Period of relaxation |
Calcium renters the SR, tracing returns to baseline. |
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Isometric contraction |
No shortening, muscle tension increases but does not exceed load |
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Isotonic contraction |
Muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds load |
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Concentric |
Muscle shortens and does work From isotonic |
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Eccentric |
Muscle generates force and lengthens (putting something down) Isotonic |
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How long does ATP last? |
4-6 seconds |
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Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic? |
Anaerobic |
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Primary pathways for ATP synthesis |
Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphates Anaerobic Aerobic |
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Different activities the 3 different skeletal muscle fibers are optimal for |
Nerve and blood supply Connective tissue sheaths Attachments |
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What changes in muscle are a result of aerobic exercise vs resistance exercise? |
Aerobic- increasing capillaries in fibers and more myoglobin Resistance- size of fibers and more glycogen storage |
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Caveolae |
Pouchlike infoldings containing large numbers of calcium channels |
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Calmodulin |
Calcium activates myosin by interacting with calmodulin, a cytoplasmic calcium binding protein. |
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Fulcrum |
A fixed point on which a lever moves Joints |
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Levers |
Rigid bar that moves on the fulcrum Bones |
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Load |
A resistance The bone itself, and overlying tissue and other moveable stuff |
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Effort |
Applied force used to move a load Muscle contraction provides the effort that is applied at the muscles insertion point on a bone. |
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Unique about facial muscles |
Attached to skin, not bone. |
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Prime movers of jaw elevation in mastication |
Buccinator Masseter-jaw closer Temporalis |
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Glossus |
Tongue |
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Speech and swallowing. 2 muscle groups |
Infrahyoid and suprahyoid |
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Muscles involved in inspiration and expiration |
Scalenes |
