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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The smallest unit of life is the ______.
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cell
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We studied 8 characteristics of living things. What are they? *Hint...Ms. McDerg!
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Maintain homeostasis, respoond to Stimulus, Metabolize, made of Cells, made of DNA, Evolve, Reproduce, Grow and develop
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When water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from high concentration to low concentration it is called _______.
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Osmosis
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There are 2 types of transport, what are they?
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passive transport and active transport
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What type of transport requires additional energy by the cell?
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active transport
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Which type of transport does not require additional energy by the cell?
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passive transport
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The plasma membrane is made up of what?
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A phosopholipid bilayer (hydrophillic heads and hydrophobic tails)
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What are the phases of the cell cycle?
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interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
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Why should we complete CONTROLLED experiments when trying to learn about something?
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We want to test only ONE variable at a time.
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What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
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chloroplast
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What type of cells undergo mitosis?
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Body cells (somatic cells)
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What type of cells undergo meiosis?
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sex cells (gametes)
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
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To make more cells
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
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To take diploid cells and make them haploid to allow for genetic variation.
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What is cancer?
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Uncontrolled cell division.
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What are the reactants for photosynthesis?
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CO2, H2O and sunlight (carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight)
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What are the products of photosynthesis?
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O2 and C6H12O6 (Oxygen and Glucose)
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There are two types of cells. What are they?
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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What type of cells make up you?
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Eukaryotic cells
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What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles.
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What is diffusion?
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The spread of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
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What is endocytosis?
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"cell eating" The way a cell "engulfs" things.
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What is exocytosis?
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The way in which a cell removes things.
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There are two types of respiration. What are they?
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Anaerobic and aerobic
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What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?
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Anaerobic does not require oxygen and aerobic does. Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
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In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
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mitochondria
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In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
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chloroplast
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What is crossing over?
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When homologous chromosomes touch or "cross-over" and some genetic material is exchanged causing new gene combinations.
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What are the phases of Meiosis? *Remember there are 2 division....
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Interphase, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II and Cytokinesis.
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When we conduct experiments it's important to have a "control". Why?
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So we can compare our results to a known standard.
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Compounds that contain carbon are referred to as ___________ compounds.
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Organic.
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What is the function of the golgi aparatus?
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To package proteins
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What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
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Rough ER has ribosomes attached.
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What makes up carbohydrates?
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Glucose
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What is a nickname for the mitochondrion?
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Powehouse of the cell
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What is an enzyme and what does it do?
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A biological catalyst...speeds up a reaction. (Is the catalyst consumed in the reaction???)
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What are some differences between plant cells and animal cells?
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Plant cells have chloroplasts, large vacuole, cell wall. Animal cells don't have those structures.
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What makes up a lipid?
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fatty acids
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What organelle is like the "gate keeper" of the cell? Why is this important?
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cell membrane....helps maintain homeostasis
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What makes up proteins?
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amino acids
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What type of diffusion uses a carrier protein to help transport things across the membrane?
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Facilitated diffusion
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If a cell has 8 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have?
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8
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What are some important steps to scientific investigations?
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asking questions, controlled experiment, analyze results, make a hypothesis, observe, make conclusions based on data collected
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If glycolysis is the splitting of sugars, then hydrolysis is the splitting of ________.
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Water
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How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
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They are opposites! *Think about the reactions.
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What is the difference between quantative and qualitative data?
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Quantative involves number....like measurements. Qualitative involves descriptive observations.
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What are the reactants for cellular respiration?
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Glucose and oxygen
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Does meiosis produce diploid or haploid cells?
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haploid
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What molecule is needed to begin respiration?
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Glucose (which is a sugar)
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What does a pH scale measure?
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The concentration of hydrogen ions.
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On the pH scale 0-6 is considered __________.
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acidic
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On the pH scale 7 is considered ____________.
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neutral
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On the pH scale 8-14 is considered ____________.
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basic
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What are the 6 main elements found in all living things? * Hint: SPONCH
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Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Hydrogen
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What are the 4 macromolecules?
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carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
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What does the coarse adjustment knob do on the microscope?
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Brings the specimen "roughly" into focus. It raises the stage to do this.
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How do you calculate the total magnification when using the microscope?
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Objective lens X ocular lens magnifications.
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What are the three parts to the cell theory?
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All living things are made of of cells, all living things come from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life.
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What is cholesterol's role in the cell membrane?
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Provide support
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How many ATP are created in cellular respiration? How about fermentation?
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Cellular respiration = 36
Fermentation= 2 |
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What are some possible causes of cancer?
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Chemicals, radiation, some hormones, genetics.
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What are stem cells?
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Cells that can differentiate into many types of cells.
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In what phase of Meiosis does crossing over occur?
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prophase I
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