• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/83

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

83 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the causes of "classic" lobar pneumonia?
Pneumococcus
Klebsiella
What are the s/s "classic" pneumonia?
Sudden fever
Cough
Sputum
Dyspnea
What is the most frequent type of pneumonia in young adults (college)?
Atypical pneumonia
(viral or mycoplasma)
What is the difference for atypical pneumonia?
Gradual onset
Dry, non-productive cough
Minimal signs of pulmonary involvement
Prominent extrapulmonary symptoms (myalgia)
Prominent CXR ("looks worse than pt")
What does squamous cell CA of the lung look like?
Smoking related
Central
PTH-like peptide
What does small cell lung CA look like?
Smoking related
Central, hormone producing
ACTH, ADH
What does large cell lung CA look like?
Smoking related
Peripheral, poorly differentiated
Clinical features of lung tumors that are smoking related?
< 5% 10 yr survival
Pancoast tumor (apex)
-compresses cervical SNS chain
-horners syndrome

Compression of recurrent laryngeal n. (hoarseness)

Obstruction of SVC (facial swelling)
What are characteristics of nephritic syndrome?
Hematuria
RBC casts
Common cause of nephritic syndrome?
Post strep GN
Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?
Severe proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Edema
Common causes of nephrotic syndrome?
Adults - membranous GN
Children - minimal change GN
Characteristics of diffuse proliferative GN?
poststrep GN/ SLE
*subepithelial deposits
good Px
Characteristics of mesangiocapillary GN (membranoproliferative GN)?
young adults, idiopathic
GBM thickening & proliferation of mesangium
**subendothelial or intra-membranouse IC deposits
"tram-track" appearance
poor Px
Characteristics of focal-segmental GN?
aggressive variant of minimal change GN
segmental sclerosis
IgM deposits (IgA in Berger's)
Characteristics of Goodpasture's (anti-GBM Ab)?
young males
pulmonary hemorrhage
Characteristics of Berger's (IgA nephropathy)?
common, lasts 1-2 days
mild proteinuria, hematuria (kids)
follows respiratory infection
Characteristics of minimal change GN?
most common in kids
No immune complexes
**loss of foot processes
Characteristics of membranous GN?
most common young adults
thickening GBM
subepithelial deposits of IC
Poor Px
Characteristics of rapidly progressive GN?
aggressive variant of any type
**cresents
oliguria, uremia
Most common cause of Urolithiasis?
Calcium (80%)
precipitates in alkaline urine

Tx - thiazide, K phosphate
What type of urolithiasis presents with staghorn calculi?
Mg-NH3-P "Triple stone"

UTI (Proteus)
precipitates in alkaline urine

Tx - ATb, acidification
Presentation of uric acid renal calculi?
Uric Acid

Gout
Leukemia
Precipitates in acidic urine

Tx - bicarb
Presentation of cystine renal calculi?
Congenital defect in dibasic
a.a. transporter
precipitates in acidic urine

Tx - bicarb
Cause, clinical features, tx of gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhea
-purulent urethritis

Tx - ceftriaxone
Cause, clinical features, tx of trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
- men: asymptomatic
- women: vaginitis

Tx - metronidazole
Cause, clinical features, tx of non-gonococcal urethritis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
-urethritis, PID

Tx - Doxy
Cause, clinical features, tx of lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
-painless ulcer
-lymphadenopathy

Tx - Doxy
Cause, clinical features, tx of granuloma inguinale?
C. donovani
- multiple ulcerating papules
- LNs not involved

Tx - tetracycline
Cause, clinical features, tx of chancroid?
H. ducreyi
- soft painful ulcer

Tx - ceftriaxone
Cause, clinical features, tx of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
- I: hard, painless chancre
- II: cond. lata (flat brown papules)
- III: gumma

Tx - Pen G
Cause, clinical features, tx of condyloma acuminatum?
HPV
- "red warts"

Tx - cryotherapy
Cause, clinical features, tx of genital herpes?
HSV 2 or HSV 1
- recurrent vesicles (painful)

Tx - acyclovir
What kind of testicular tumor do you find in children with high AFP?
Yolk sac tumors
What kind of testicular tumor do you find in elderly men?
Lymphoma
What ovarian tumor produces estrogens and androgens?
graulosa-theca cell tumors
What ovarian tumor is similar to the yolk cell tumor in males and has elevated AFP?
Endodermal sinus tumor
Which ovarian tumor produces HCG?
Choriocarcinoma (aka dermoid cyst)
What are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?
> 40 yo
early menarche
late menopause
nulliparity
obesity

**Estrogen exposure**
What is the cause of a hydatidiform mole?
Fertilization by multiple sperm
What is the difference b/t
-Complete hydatidiform mole
-Partial hydatidiform mole
Complete: no embryo or placenta
- 46, XX (all paternal)

Partial: embryo or placenta present
- triploid or tetraploid
What type of breast changes?
-bilateral
-multiple nodules
-menstrual variation
-regress during pregnancy
Fibrocystic change
What type of breast changes?
-unilateral
-single mass
-no cyclic variation
Breast CA
What are the benign tumors in the breast?
Fibroadenoma - single, movable nodule
Cystosarcoma phyllodes - rapidly growing
Intraductal papilloma - nipple discharge & retraction
What are the malignant breast tumors?
- ductal CA - most common
- lobular CA - R positive --> better Px
- Paget's dz of nipple - older, poor Px
What disease causes bleeding gums?
Vit C deficiency
What disease causes glossitis, cheilosis?
Vit B2 deficiency
What disease causes smooth beefy red tongue?
Vit B12 deficiency
What disease causes strawberry tongue?
Scarlet fever
What disease causes Koplik's spots? (White dots on red background)
Measles
What type of diverticula is this:
-"false" (mucosa only)
- pharynx/esophagus jnct
- dysphagia, regurgitation
Pulsion diverticula

(Zanker's)
What type of diverticula is this:
- true (all layers)
- mid-esophagus
- asymptomatic
Traction diverticula
What is H. pylori associated with?
chronic gastritis type B
gastric & duodenal peptic ulcers
carcinoma of stomach
What are the causes of Chronic type A gastritis?
(Fundal)

-autoimmune
-pernicious anemia
-achlorhydria
Common causes of bacterial toxigenic gastroenteritis?
Campylobacter
E.coli
Salmonella
Common cause of invasive bacterial gastroenteritis?
Shigella
Common causes of non-bacterial gastroenteritis?
-Rotavirus (kids)
-Parvovirus (adults)
-Candida
-Entameba histolytica
-Giardia lamblia
Characteristics of FAP?
(familial adenomatous polyposis)

-AD
-100% CA risk
Characterisitcs of Gardner's polyposis?
- AD
- Polyps + skin & bone tumors
- 100% CA risk
Characteristics of Turcot's polyposis?
- AR
- Polyps + brain tumors
- high Ca risk
Characteristics of Peutz-Jeghers polyposis?
- AD
- Polyps + melanin pigmentation of lips, palms & soles
- very high CA risk
Cause of FAP?
absence of APC (tumor suppressor)

If polyps develop --> remove colon
Characteristics of Crohn's disease?
- Rectum spared
- ileum involved

- skip lesions
- transmural

- granulomas
- strictures & fissures

- more pain, less bleeding
Characteristics of Ulcerative Colitis?
- begins at rectum & progresses toward IC junction
- continuous
- mucosa & submucosa ONLY
- crypt abscesses
- pseudopolyps
- more bleeding, less pain

(increased risk colon CA, toxic megacolon)
Characteristics of celiac sprue?
allergic rxn to gluten (anti-gliden Ab)
-flat mucosal surface
Characteristics of Whipple's disease?
malabsorption + anemia + arthritis
-Tropheryma whippelii
-PAS + macrophages found in mucosa

Tx - PEN or tetracycline
Characteristics of Cholesterol cholelithiasis?
-radiolucent
-single stone
-Westerners
**fat, female, forty, fertile**
Porcelain GB?
Ca deposits in wall
high risk of malignancy
What is Charcot's triad?
= cholangitis
- acute onset fever, sepsis
- RUQ pain
- jaundice
Characteristics of GB CA?
- Female
- Cholelithiasis
- Porcelain GB
Characteristics of bile duct CA?
- male
- chronic infections
- liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
What hepatitis is passed fecal-oral?
Hep A
Hep E
What hepatitis is a DNA virus?
Hep B
What hepatitis requires Hep B to be present to survive?
Hep delta
What Hep B marker indicates infectivity?
HBeAg

- appears after HBsAg
- disappears before HBsAg
What Hep B marker is seen in chronic carrier state?
HBsAg

- appear before s/s onset
- persists 3-4 months
- if > 6 mos = carrier
What Hep B Ab indicates recovery & immunity?
anti-HBsAg

- appears a few weeks after HBsAg has disappeared
What Hep B Ab is the marker for the "window period"?
anti-HBcAg

- during time after HBsAg disappears but before anti-HBsAg appears
What are some drugs that cause predictable toxic hepatitis?
Acetaminophen
Amanita
Carbon tetrachloride
Methotrexate
What is the triad of hemochromatosis?
accumulation of hemosiderin +

- cirrhosis
- DM
- skin pigmentation
Characteristics of Wilson's disease?
- accumulation of copper
- decreased serum ceruloplasmin
What type of arthritis?

- loss of cartilage
- knees, hips, spine
- DIP
- joint stiffness after inactivity
- Heberden's nodes
Osteoarthritis
What arthritis is this?

- women 20-50 yo
- small joints
- PIP & MCP joints
- morning stiffness
- soft tissue swelling
Rheumatoid arthritis

- rheumatoid nodules (skin, valves)
- rheumatoid factor: anti IgG