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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Inner layer of cell wall made from? Gram +? Gram -?
Peptidoglycan
-gram + (thick)
-gram - (thin)
Color of Gram +
Purple
Outer layer of Gram +
Teichoic acid
Outer layer of Gram -
LPS (endotoxins)
-lipid bilayer

Porins
Characteristics of mycoplasma
No cell wall
**only bacterium whose membrane contains cholesterol
Vaccines are made against
Cell capsular Ag
Has endotoxins
Gram - bacteria
(LPS)
-poorly antigenic
-heat stable
Has exotoxins
Gram + bacteria
(polypeptides)
-toxoids used as vaccine
-heat labile
Tetanus toxin
block release glycine --> m. spasm
Botulinum toxin
blocks release ACh --> m. paralysis
Most common cause
Pharyngitis, laryngitis
Viral > bacterial (beta-hemolytic Strep)
Most common cause
Tonsillitis
B-hemolytic Strep
Most common cause
Sinusitis
Strep. pneumonia, Staph aureus
Most common cause
OM
Strep. pneumonia, H. influenza
Most common cause
Bronchitis
H. influenza, Strep. pneumonia
Most common cause
Pneumonia
-infant
-young adult
-elderly
-RSV
-Mycoplasma
-Strep. pneumonia
Most common cause
Bacterial meningitis
-neonate
-adult
-elderly
-E.coli, Strep. agalactia, listeria
-N. meningitidis > Strep. pneumonia
-Strep. pneumonia > N. meningitis
Most common cause
Aseptic meningitis
Enterovirus
Arbovirus (spring)
Most common cause
Endocarditis
Strep. viridans
Most common cause
Carbuncle
Staph. aureus
Most common cause
Sepsis (catheterized pt)
Staph aureus, Candida
Most common cause
Sepsis (burns)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most common cause
Diarrhea
-children
-adults (US)
-travelers
-Rotavirus
-Campylobacter
-E.coli, shigella, salmonella
Most common cause
Genital ulcer
Herpes > syphilis
Most common cause
urethritis
Chlamydia > gonococcus
Most common cause
cystitis
E. coli
Characteristics of Staphlococi
Gram +
Clusters
Catalase +
Exotoxins of Staphylococci
Enterotoxin A-F --> diarrhea
Toxic shock syndrome toxin --> anaphylaxis
Exfoliatin --> scalded skin (hands & feet)
Alpha toxin --> tissue necrosis
Differentiate S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
S. aureus - coag (+)
S. epidermidis - coag (-), nono (S)
S. saprophyticus - coag (-), novo (R)
Common infections of S. aureus
Skin
Osteomyelitis
Endocarditis
Toxic shock syndrome
Food poisoning
Common infections with S. epidermidis
Following:
-instrumentation
-implants
Common infections w/ S.saprophyticus
UTI
Characteristics of Streptococci
Gram (+)
Chains
Catalase (-)
Like enriched media (blood agar)
Beta-hemolytic streptococci
(complete hemolysis - clear)
S.pyogenes (Grp A)
other Strep (Grp B-T)
Common infections seen w/ S. pyogenes
Pharyngitis
Acute Rheumatic Fever
(bacitracin sensitive)
Common infections seen w/ other B-hemo. Strep.
Neonatal sepsis
Meningitis
(bacitracin resistant)
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci
(incomplete hemolysis - green)
S. pneumococci
S. viridans
Common infections w/ S. pneumococci
"classic" lobar pneumonia

(bile soluble, optochin S)
Common infections w/ S. viridans
Endocarditis

(bile insoluble, optochin R)
gamma-hemolytic streptococci
(No hemolysis)
Enterococci (Grp D)
Characteristics of Neisseria & types of neisseria
Gram (-)
bean-shaped diplococci

-N. meningococcus
-N. gonococcus
N. meningococcus (characteristics, tx)
Capsule
Ferments maltose

Tx - Pen G
N. gonococcus
Pili
Does not ferment maltose

Tx - Ceftriaxone
S/S infection w/ N. gonococcus
Male - dysuria, purulent discharge
Female - endocervical infection, salpingitis, infertility
Characteristics bacillus
Gram (+)
Spore-forming
Aerobic rods
Gram (+) bacilli
B. anthracis
Cornebacterium
Listeria
Clostridium
Lactobacillus
B. anthracis
(characteristics & infections)
Aerobe, toxin, spores

anthrax
woolsorter's dz
"Fried rice" poisoning
Coryne-bacterium
(characteristics & infections)
Aerobe, toxins (no spores)

Diphtheria
(pseudomembranes, loeffler's telluride, "chinese characters")
Listeria
(characteristics & infections)
Aerobe (no toxin, no spores)

Sepsis, meningitis
(neonates, immunosuppressed, "chinese characters" + motile)
Clostridium
Toxins, spores (not aerobe)

Tetanus, botulism
Gas gangrene (a-toxin)
Food poisoning (reheated meat)
Pseudomembranous colitis
Lactobacillus
(characteristics & infections)
(Not aerobic, no spores, no toxins)

protects GI & vagina
prefers acid pH (< 4.5)
Characteristics of Clostridium & types
Gram (+)
Anaerobic, spore-forming rods

Botulinum
Tetani
Perfringens
Key features Cl. botulinum & clinical
Motile
types A-G (antigenically diff. exotoxin)

Spores heat resistant, toxin not
N/V/abd cramps (precede neurological)
Dry mouth, diplopia, loss of pupillary reflex --> decending paralysis, resp. failure
Key features Cl. tetani & clinical
Motile
10 types (flagellar Ag)
(all have same exotoxin)

Toxin enters peripheral n.
Stiff jaw, dysphagia, fever, HA
Fixed "smile"
Spasm neck, back, abd m.
Intact sensorium & CSF
Characteristics of enterobacteriaceae
Gram (-) rods
Facultative anaerobe
Types of enterobacter
E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Proteus
Klebsiella
Bacteroides fragilis
Vibrio cholera
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
E. coli
(characteristics & infections)
Motile, Lactose (+)

UTI
Neonatal meningitis
Salmonella
(characteristics & infections)
Motile, Lactose (-)

Food poisoning (poultry, 1-2 d)
S.typhi produce gas - Enteric fever (10-14 d)
Shigella
(characteristics & infections)
Non-motile, lactose (-), no gas

Dysenteriae
Flexneri, boydii, sonnei - watery diarrhea followed by fever, bloody stools, cramping
Tx typhoid
Chloramphenicol
Ampicillin
Proteus
(characteristics & infections)
Motile, urease

UTI
urease --> ammonium calculi

(DOES NOT CAUSE gastroenteritis)
Klebsiella
(characteristics & infections)
Non-motile, encapsulated

Community acq - "classic" lobar pneumonia, "currant jelly" sputum

Hospital acq - UTI, Resp. tract infection, wound infection

**Resistant to many ATb
Bacteroides fragilis
(characteristics & infections)
Anaerobic
Most common gram (-) abd infections

Abscesses
Tx - Metronidazole
Vibrio cholera
(characteristics & infections)
Comma-shaped

Rice-water diarrhea (no blood)
Tx - tetracycline
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
(characteristics & infections)
Comma-shaped

Diarrhea from raw seafood
Tx - self-limited
Campylobacter jejuni
(characteristics & infections)
Curved rods

Watery, foul smelling stool --> become bloody
Tx - erythromycin, AG
Helicobacter pylori
(characteristics & infections)
(similar to Campylobacter, urease (+))

Gastritis, Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma
Tx - Metronidazole + Tetracycline + Bismuth
Zoonotic Gram (-) bacilli
Yersinia pestis
Pasteurella
Brucella
Francisella
Yersinia pestis
(characteristics & infections)
Bipolar staining

Bubonic plague (rodent --> flea --> human)
-Lg, tender LN

Pulmonary plague (human --> human)

Tx - Streptomycin, tetracycline
Pasteurella
(characteristics & infections)
Wound infections (dog & cat)
Cellulitis, osteomyelitis

Tx - Pen G
Brucella
(characteristics & infections)
Undulating fever

Tx - tetracycline, gentamycin
Francisella
(characteristics & infections)
Tularemia (rabbits --> ticks --> humans)
influenza-like
Lg, tender LN

Tx - Streptomycin
Pseudomonas
(characteristics & infections)
musty odor, green/blue pus

Wound infectons (burn), Pneumonia, UTI
Hemophilus
(characteristics & infections)
Sm bacterium
Requires blood (chocolate agar)

H. influ - bronchitis, meningitis
H. ducreyi - chancroid
Bordetella
(characteristics & infections)
Pertussis toxin --> whooping cough

Tx - Erythromycin
Legionella
(characteristics & infections)
G (-) cell wall, stains faintly
Stagnant water

Atypical pneumonia
No cold agglutinins
Tx - Erythromycin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(characteristics & infections)
Slow respiratory infection
Primary lesion - Ghon complex

(most morbidity d/t reactivation)
M. bovis
(characteristics & infections)
unpasteurized milk
GI tuberculosis
M. leprae
(characteristics & infections)
Grows at lower temp
Nasal & skin

Tuberculiod leprosy - granulomas, skin test (+)
Lepromatous leprosy - nodular skin lesion, skin test (-)
M. avium-intracellulare
(characteristics & infections)
Indistinguishable from Tb
Immunocompromised pt
HIGHLY resistant to tx
M. marinum
(characteristics & infections)
Tb in fish
"swimming pool granuloma" in humans
Actinomyces
(characteristcs & infection)
normal flora in mouth

Lump jaw - post-tooth extraction
inflam. sinuses --> d/c to surface (sulfur granules)
Tx - Pen, I&D
Nocaria
(characteristcs & infection)
Aerobe, soil

SubQ tissue infection (minor trauma)
Pulmonary infection (inhale dust or soil)
Tx - Sulfonamides, I&D
T. pallidum
(characteristcs & infection)
Syphillis

Tx- Pen G
B. burgdorferi
(characteristcs & infection)
Lyme disease
(tick bite - E coast)

Tx - Doxy, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin
B. recurrentis
(characteristcs & infection)
Relapsing fever
(Ag undergo variation --> relapses)
(human --> louse/tick --> human)

Tx - Tetracycline
L. interrogans
(characteristcs & infection)
Leptospirosis
-fever, jaundice, hemorrhage, uremia
(sewers, water contamin. w/ rat urine)

Tx - Pen G
Chlamydia characteristics
Intracellular
(cannot make ATP & cannot live outside)
Cell wall: No peptidoglycans

Tx - Tetracycline
C. pneumonia
(characteristcs & infection)
"walking pneumonia"

Tx - Tetracycline
C. trachomatis
(characteristcs & infection)
Urethritis
Lymphogranolma venereum
Trachoma

Tx - Tetracycline
C. psittaci
(characteristcs & infection)
Pneumonia (sometimes Hepatitis)
(bird feces)

Tx - Tetracycline
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-cause
-vector
-reservoir
-clinical
-R. rickettsiae
-ticks
-dogs, rodents
-fever, HA, red conjunctiva, rash (wrists to trunk)