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85 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Representational art (also known as figurative art)
art that portrays, however altered or distorted, things perceived in the visible world
realistic approach
portraying people and things as they are seen by the eye or really thought to be, without idealization or distortion
expressionistic
marked by frenzied brushstrokes that mirror the torment of one's inner life
abstract art
characterized by a simplified or distorted rendering of an object that references the essential nature of that object
nonobjective art
makes no reference to visible reality
subject matter
the story that the work is telling, or the scene that it depicts, or the figures or objects it represents in visual terms
content
the why of a work of art that includes
iconography
the study of the themes and symbols in the visual arts
visual elements
line, shape, value, color, texture, space, time and motion
hue
color
coloras blue-green
cool
colors yellow-orange-red
warm
saturation
the degree of purity of hue measured by its intensity or brightness
shades
the degree of darkness of a color determined by the extent of its mixture with black
tint
the lightness of a color as determined by the extent of its mixture with white
surrealism
a 20th century art style whose imagery is believed to stem from unconscious, irrational sources and that therefore takes on fantastic forms
picture plan
the flat, 2-D surface on which a picture is created
atmospheric perspective
the illusion of depth that is created through grades of texture and brightness, color saturation, and warm and cool colors
texture gradient
the relative roughness of nearby and distant objects in 2-D media; nearby objects are usually rendered with more detailed and rougher surfaces than distant objects
brightness gradient
the relative degree of intensity in the rendering of nearby and distant objects, used to create an illusion of depth in a 2-D work
chiaroscuro
an artistic technique in which subtle gradations of value create the illusion of rounded 3-D
relative size
the size of an object or figure in relation to other objects or figures or the setting
linear perspective
a system of organizing space in 2-D media in which lines that are in reality parallel and horizontal are represented as converging diagonals. Based on foreshortening, in which the space between the lines grows smaller until it disappears, just as objects appear to grow smaller as they become more distant
vanishing points
in linear perspective, a point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge
horizon
in linear perspective, the imaginary line along which converging lines meet
principles of design
unity and variety, emphasis and focal point, balance and rhythm, and scale and proportion
medium
the materials and methods used to create an image or object in drawing , painting, sculpture, and other arts
Paleolithic
late years of Old Stone Age
Mesolithic
Middle Stone Age
Neolithic
New Stage Age
naturalism
representation that survives to imitate nature rather than to express intellectual theory
foreshortening
diminishing the size of the parts of an object that are represented as farthest from the viewer. Specifically, rendering parts of an object as receding from the viewer at angles oblique to the picture plane so that they appear proportionately shorter than parts of the objects that are parallel to the picture plane
Venuses
the Roman goddess of beauty; a prehistoric fertility figure, such as the Venus of WIllendorf
cuneiform
wedge-shaped; descriptive of the characters used in ancient alphabets
ziggurat
a temple tower in the form or a terraced pyramid, built by ancient Assyrians and Babylonians
lapis lazuli
an opaque, blue, semiprecious stone
basalt
a dark, tough volcanic rock
ibexes
wild goats
Fertile Crescent
the arable land lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in ancient Mesopotamia
Fertile Ribbon
the arable land lying the Nile River in Egypt
volutes
in architecture, a spiral scroll ornamenting an Ionic and Corinthian capital
incise
to cut into with a sharp tool
cosmetic palette
a palette for mixing cosmetics, such as eye makeup, with water
registers
horizontal segments of a structure or work of art
Horus
the ancient Egyptian sun god
canon of proportions
a set of rules governing the proportions of the human body as they are to be rendered by artists
living rock
natural rock formations, as on a mountainside
porticoes
the entrance facade of a Greek temple, adapted for use with other buildings and consisting of a colonnade, entablature, and pediment
mortuary temple
an Egyptian temple of the New Kingdom in which the pharaoh worshiped and was worshiped after death
colonnades
a series of columns placed side by side to support a roof or a series of arches
pre-Hellenic
of ancient Greece before the 8th century BC
pictographs
a simplified symbol of an object or action
magazines
in architecture, a large supply chamber
rosettes
a painted or sculpted circular ornament with petals and leaves radiating from the center
lintel
in architecture, a horizontal member supported by posts
bevel
to cut at an angle
tholos
in architecture, a beehive-shaped tomb
shaft graves
a vertical hole in the ground in which one or more bodies are buried
stele
an engraved stone slab or pillar that serves as a grave marker
Hellenism
the culture, thought, and ethical system of ancient Greece
Classical art
art of the Greek Classical period, spanning roughly 480-400 BC; also known as Hellenic Art
humanism
a system of belief in which humankind is viewed as the standard by which all things are measured
rationalism
the belief that ethical conduct is determined by reason
idealism
the representation of forms according to a concept of perfection
Geometric period
a period of Greek art from about 900 to 700 BC during which works of art emphasized geometric patterns
Doric order
the earliest and simplest of the Greek architectural styles, consisting of relatively short, squat columns, sometimes unfluted, and a simple, square-shaped capital
Archaic period
a period of Greek art dating roughly 660-480 BC. the term means "old" and refers to the art created before the Classical period
volute krater
a wide-mouthed vessel (krater) with scroll-shaped handles
black-figure painting
a three-stage firing process that fives vases black figures on a reddish ground.
slip
in ceramics, clay that is thinned to the consistency of cream for use in casting, decorating, or cementing
oxidizing phase
1st phase in black-figure painting - oxygen in the kiln turns the vase and slip red
reoxidizing phase
3rd phase in black-figure painting - oxygen is reintroduced into the kiln, turning the vase red once more
reducing phase
2nd phase in black figure painting - oxygen is eliminated from the kiln and the vase and slip turn black
megaron
a rectangular room with a two-columned porch
cella
the small inner room of a Greek temple, used to house the statue of the god or goddess to whom the temple is dedicated
Ionic order
a moderately ornate Greek architectural style introduced from Asia Minor and characterized by spiral scrolls (volutes) on capitals and a continuous frieze
Corinthian order
the most ornate of the Greek architectural styles, characterized by slender, fluted columns and capitals with an acanthus leaf design
stylobate
a continuous base or platform that supports a row of columns
capital
in architecture, the area at the top of the shaft of a column that provides a solid base for the horizontal elements above
entablature
in architecture, a horizontal structure supported by columns, which, in turn, supports any other element, such as a pediment, that is place above; from top to bottom, it consists of a cornice, a frieze, and an architrave
architrave
in architecture, the lower part of an entablature, which may consist of one or more horizontal bands
frieze
in architecture, a horizontal band between the architrave and the cornice that is often decorated with sculpture
cornice
in architecture, a horizontal molding that projects along the top of a wall or a building; the uppermost part of an entablature
triglyphs
in architecture, a panel incised with vertical grooves that serve to divide the scenes in a Doric frieze
metope
in architecture, the panels containing relief sculpture that appear between the triglyphs and the Doric frieze