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74 Cards in this Set

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Define line
The visual element line refers to marks-straight or curved, bold or faint, thick or thin, long or short-made by pencil, chalk, brush, or other implements of technique.
Poppy Petals (Andy Goldsworthy) info
Artwork consists of red poppy flower petals that were each licked underneath by the artist and pressed to the next to make a 7-foot red line.
Broken Pebbles (Andy Goldsworthy) info
Features a series of small split stones, arranged in a spiral with a narrow crack down the middle. The dark open space between the light gray stones creates a dramatically curving line that is exceedingly narrow at the spiral's center and grows steadily in width and force as it moves outward with a kind of centrifugal energy.
Define contour line
A line that describes the outline, borders, or edges of an object.
Apple (Ellsworth Kelly) info
The apples contour lines are uniformly thin, simply, and direct.
A Maid Preparing To Dust (Katsushika Hokusai) info
The lines are active and exciting. Hokusai's flamboyant, gracefully curving contour lines, varying from light to dark and thick to thin, capture the appearance and the energetic movement of a young Japanese woman.
Define implied lines
Lines that we ourselves project. In works of art, implied lines are not drawn or painted by the artist but are created by the viewer's own perception.
The Lamentation (Giotto)
In his painting we project a "horizon line" where atmosphere meets earth.
Define directional lines
Lines that direct our gaze even though no line physically exists.
Define two-dimensional
Shapes that possess height and width
Define three-dimensional
Shapes that posess height, width, and depth.
Six Persimmons (Mu-Chi'i)
Fruits is two-dimensional shapes.
The Listening Room (Rene Magritte) info
The apple shape is three-dimensional and conveys a convincing illusion of depth.
Define mass/volume
Three-dimensional shapes that posess actual depth and physical bulk.
Sun Tunnels (Nancy Holt) info
Four concrete pipes, each 18 feet long and 9 and a half feet in diameter, that make up Sun Tunnels, an astronomically oriented work. The tunnels, aligned in pairs, are oriented to the summer and winter solstices.
Define geometric
Geometric shapes are formed by straight or curved lines and tend to progress regularly according to mathematical laws. They include two-dimensional shapes such as squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles and three-dimensional shapes or volumes such as cubes, boxes, pyramids, cylinders, and spheres.
Tumbling Blocks (quilt)
Creates the startling optical illusion of of three-dimensional cubes or blocks balancing one on top of the other.
Compass Points (Desmond Dekker, album cover) info
Features organic or biomorphic shapes.
Define organic or biomorphic
Shapes derived from natural forms such as flowers, birds, fish and udnerwater life. Such shapes whether of specifically natural origin or naturelike in a generalized sense, tend to be curvilinear and irregular in form.
Define abstract
Shapes that move away from or "abstract" the actual appearance of sea life.
Define representational
Shapes that are based on and thus represent recognizable things opposite.
Define nonrepresentational
Shapes that seem to cut all ties with recognizable real-life sources are referred to as nonreepresnetational or nonobjective.
Construction No. 2 (Jose De Rivera) info
Invites the viewer to enjoy its nonobjective curvilinear shape, open spaces and energetic movement.
Define space
Space is the area that surrounds or is framed by shapes. Spaces can be two or three dimensional, large or small, geometric or organic.
The interior of The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (Frank Lloyd Wright) info
Is one of the most dramatic spaces in the world. It is framed and given airy, active form by the spiralling shapes that make up the building's floors and galleries.Combining the geometric and the oorganic, the cylindrical space of the Guggenheim interiors swells and breathes like a living being.
Define positive shape
Solid shape
Define negative shape
Adjacent open spaces or voids.
Define figure and ground
The young women, the positive shape in the Hokusai work can be perceived as "figure" and the surrounding space as the background or "ground."
Day And Night (M. C. Escher) info
This artwork shows shape and space, and figure and ground, melding into and then becoming the other.
The Hostess (Alexander Calder) info
Calder's wire sculpture is as vibrant and palpable as the line and shape that compromise the solid areas of the work.
Define picture plane
A two-dimensional surface. This area on which the picture is created might be perfectly level, rounded, or irregular and undulating, but it is always defined by the two dimensions of height and width.
Define overlapping
Overlapping is when one figure or form is placed in front of another, paritally blocking the view of the forms behind. Overlapping enables some figures to seem close to us, in the foreground, while others appear progressively more distant in the middle ground and background.
Darbar Of Jahangir info
Created by one of more artists of the royal workshop, a crowd of Indians (and one European priest in black dress) assembles at a Darbar, or public audience, before Emperor Jahangir. Certain figures such as the elephant and horse and their attendants, are in the foreground. In the middle ground are the European priest and the main body of the crowd, with its numerous overlapped figures. Above and in the background are the emperor and his retinue.
Define vertical placement
Vertical placement equates figures lower in the picture with nearness to us and those higher up with distance from us.
Define perspective
Radically piercing the picture plane to create the illusion of deep space. In latin, perspective means "to look through." It is an apt definition, capturing the idea that a drawing or painting functions like a window that we "look through" into an illusionary space beyond the flat surface of the picture plane.
The Last Supper (Leonardo Da Vinci) info
The Last Supper opens up a vast space. Thw monastery wall on which The Last Supper is painted seems to dissolve, and we come face to face with Christ and his disciples in a spacious room whose windows reveal green hills and sky in the faraway background.
Define atmospheric or aerial perspective
Muting and lightening the colors of the distant sky and landscape. The physical nature of the atmosphere or air causes colors to fade and details to diminish as objects (for example, mountains and sky) recede into the distance.
Define one-point linear perspective
A mathematically based spatial system perfected by the Italian architect Filippo Brunelleschi in the early fifteenth century. In one-point linear perspective, parallel lines appear to meet in the faraway distance.
Define vanishing point
Parallel sightlines or guidelines converge in a single vanishing point on the horizon.
Define foreshortening
Figures that diminish in size of gorms, as they move away from the viewer while the sightlines angle our vision toward the central figure.
Define focal point
What our gaze leads to first in a piece of art.
New City (Gene Bodio) info
New City offers an exhilarating bird's-eye variant of three-point perspective.
Define texture
Texture refers to the actual or stimulated surface of an object-whether it is rough or smooth, sort or hard.
Define texture gradient
Texture gradient is relative to atmospheric perspective, we mean the progressive loss in textural detail as an object recedes into the distance.
Ginevra de' Benci (Leonardo Da Vinco) info
Portrait of Ginevra de' Benci.
Define sfumato
Leonardo created the pictorial effect known as sfumato (Italian for "hazy," "smoky," or "shaded"), in which the edges and surfaces of distant objects are softened or blurred, just as we perceive them with our own eyes in the real world.
Mwash a mbooy (African helmet mask of Zaire's Kuba people)
The texture of the African helmet mask have a wide range. Worn at ceremonial dances, the mask features the touchable or tactile stimulation of beads, seashells, fibers, feathers, and cloth.
Define impasto
The Italian word for "paste" or "dough." Thick layers of paint for a heavily textured, built-up picture surface.
Barn At Dawn (Ryan Russell) info
The light of day has given birth to a world of color.
Define radiant energy
What we see as light is a form of radiant energy (a narrow band of the electromagnetic energy range) that our eyes and brains process into visual images.
Define values or chiaroscuro
The range of light to dark
Define key
The term key is used to describe the prevailing range of color values in artworks. A painting in high key is characterized by light, bright, or pale colors, while one in low key features dark or subdued hues.
Define highlight
The area of highest reflected light
Define cast shadow
The shadow cast by the illuminated object.
Parrot Tulip In A Black Vase (Robert Mapplethorpe) info
This photographic takes advantage of the optical effects of-highlight, light, shadow, core of the shadow, reflected light, cast shadow-to elicit the smooth, crystalline roundness of the vase and the soft, feathery fullness of the flower.
Define color wheel
A circular chart of colors, is a contemporary version of Newton's circle.
Define hues
We call the individual colors of the color wheel hues.
Define primary colors or hues
Yellow, red, and blue are the basic, irreducible units that cannot be produced by mixing other colors.
Define secondary colors
Orange, violet, green are made by mixing a variety of primary colors: orange by mixing red and yellow; violet by mixing blue and red, green by mixing yellow and blue.
Define tertiary or intermediate colors
Created by mixing adjacent primary and secondary hues on the color wheel.
Define analogous colors
Colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
Define complementary colors
Colors that are directly across from each other on the color, such as red and green or yellow and violet. These color pairs are called complementary because, when placed adjacent to or near each other, each of the two strongly contrasting hues intensifies or complements the other.
Define simultaneous colors
Brings out the full brilliance of each hue.
Define afterimage
The viewer's eyes see a complementary color's opposite on any nearby white surface.
Define optical color
This so-called optical color effect induces the perception of colors that are not physically present, whether in the artwork or in the exterior world.
Define warm colors
Warm colors, those in which yellow, orange, and red predominate, make us feel warmer and excite our senses, probably because we link them with the heat and light of sun and fire.
Define cool colors
Cool colors are those in which blue, green, and purple hold sway. These colors have a cooling and soothing effect; muted versions are often used in hospitals, libraries, and classrooms.
Define intensity
Colors degree of purity or "saturation."
Define tint
Adding white, light gray, or any hue that lightens a given color creates a tint of that color.
Define shade
Adding black, dark gray, or any hue that darkens a given color produces a shade of that color.
Define pastels
Softened, tinted colors
Define tone
The term tone is applied broadly to the prevailing quality of a tine, shade, or saturated hue.
Define local color
The color found in that particular locale or setting. Local color is also called naturalistic color, meaning that the color is natural or normal for that setting.
Man In A Golden Helmet (Rembrandt Van Rijn) Info
Combines naturalistic depiction with chiaroscuro effects that convey a mood of mystery and drama.