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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal
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What Organ is pictured?
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Kidney
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Will the “test-tube” pictured experience complete digestion after sufficient incubation at the indicated temperature and why?
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yes
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What structure of what organ is indicated by the pointer?
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?
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What structure is indicated by the pointer?
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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Will the “test-tube” pictured experience complete digestion after sufficient incubation at the indicated temperature and why?
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No, Wrong pH
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What structure of what organ is indicated by the pointer?
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glomerulus of the kidney
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Will the “test-tube” pictured experience complete digestion after sufficient incubation at the indicated temperature and why?
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No, Wrong enzyme
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What structure is indicated by the pointer?
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stereocilia
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Will the “test-tube” pictured experience complete digestion after sufficient incubation at the indicated temperature and why?
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No, Nothing to Digest
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What structure is indicated by the pointer?
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?
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What part of the nephron in indicated by the letter H?
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Distal Convoluted Tubule
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What structure of what organ is indicated by the pointer?
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Spermatozoa cells of the Testis
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What factor would result in PARTIAL digestion of a carbohydrate?
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placing the tubes in ice
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_______________ initiates primary peristalsis in the esophagus.
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Swallowing
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Lipid rich meals take longer to digest than carbohydrate rich meals. T or F?
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True
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Gastric accommodation of a meal
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Receptive relaxation
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Sweep undigested contents of the stomach and small intestine into the terminal ileum
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Migrating motility complex
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Mix Chyme with intestinal secretions
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Segmentation
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Bring chyme repeatedly into contact with absorptive epithelium
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Segmentation
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Promotes absorption of small amounts of fluid in the large intestine
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Segmentation
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Which is the correct order for items that inter the digestive track?
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Food, bolus, chyme, feces
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As food travels through the digestive track, the absorption of water and salt back into the body happens in the _______________.
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large intestine
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As food travels through the digestive track, the absorption of nutrients from the digested food into the body happens in the _____________.
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small intestine
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As food travels through the digestive track, in which of the following is no digestion or absorption taking place?
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esophagus
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What Overall structure is indicated by the pointer?
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Sublingual Salivary Gland
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What Organ is pictured?
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Large Intestine
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What structure / cells of what organ is indicated by the pointer?
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goblet cells of the Large Intestine
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The darker the urine the lower the concentration of solutes in the urine. T or F?
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False
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The frequency of segmentation contractions in the small intestine is slowest in the duodenum. T or F?
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False
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The addition of aldosterone acting on the distal convolution tubule cells in the nephron will _______.
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decreased the urine volume
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Which of the following are possible causes for the urinary condition Proteinuria?
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Mechanical trauma, Bacterial toxins, Hypertension, Pregnancy
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Which of the following are possible causes for the urinary condition Bilirubinuria?
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►hepatocellular disease: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
►Hemolytic anemia |
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_____________ is a progressive wave of muscle contractions.
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Peristalsis
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Aldosterone increases _________ re-absorption from the distal tubular to the body.
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Na+ (sodium)
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As a person becomes dehydrated the specific gravity of his urine will ______________.
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increase
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The three steps of urine formation are Glomerular filtration, reabsorption and ______________.
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secretion
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There is a maximum to the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed from the proximal tubule of the nephron. T or F?
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True
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What is the name for the "ball" of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle?
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glomerulus
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Which stomach region(s) are involved in receptive relaxation to accommodate a meal?
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Cardiac region and Fundic region
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What cells and of what overall structure are indicated by the pointer?
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sperm mass cells of the epididymis
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What region (be specific) is indicated by the yellow highlight?
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Renal Pelvis
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What region (be specific) is indicated by the yellow highlight?
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Renal Cortex
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What region (be specific) is indicated by the yellow highlight?
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Renal Pyramids
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Name the structure pinned in the picture
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Uterine body
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Testes
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What is the region of which organ indicated by the pin?
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Right lobe of the Liver
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High-performance liquid chomatography was used to quantitatively measure the amount of cortisol and ACTH in the patients’ plasma sample. The results are Cortisol 52.3 mcg/dl and ACTH 10.2 pg/ml: What could be the possible medical condition?
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Cushing's syndrome: Cortisol level is high and the ACTH levels are low (normal cortisol: 10-20, normal ACTH: 10-50)
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Gall bladder
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Spleen
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What is the region of which organ indicated by the pin?
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Left lobe of the Liver
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Which hormone(s) stimulate(s) the pituitary gland to release ACTH?
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CRH
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Which of the endocrine glands is responsible for Insulin secretion?
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Pancreas
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Ovary
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You have a thyroidectomized (thyroid gland removed) rat and a hypophysectomized (pituitary gland removed) rat both of which have a lower than normal metabolic rate. Which of the following would you inject the two rats with to get both rats at a normal metabolic rate.
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Thyroxine
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Pancreas
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Endocrine system organs function independently from other organs. T or F?
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False
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Kidney
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High-performance liquid chomatography was used to quantitatively measure the amount of cortisol and ACTH in the patients’ plasma sample. The results are Cortisol 5.6 mcg/dl and ACTH 102 pg/ml: What could be the possible medical condition?
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Addison's disease
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Which of the following are tropic hormones?
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TSH, FSH, ACTH, TRH, CRH
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Liver
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Name the structure pinned in the picture
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Urethra
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Name the organ pinned in the picture
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Urinary bladder
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What is the region of which organ indicated by the pin?
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Duodenal region of the small intestine
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What is the region of which organ indicated by the pin?
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Cardiac region of the stomach
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The specific cells that hormones exert on are called _______________.
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Target Cells
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Name the structure pinned in the picture
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Falciform ligament
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What is the region of which organ indicated by the pin?
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Body of the stomach
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Which of the following endocrine glands regulates metabolism?
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Thyroid
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Name the structure pinned in the picture
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Uterine horns
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What is the region of which organ indicated by the pin?
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Quadrate lobe of the Liver
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Which of the following endocrine glands is responsible for aldosterone secretion?
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Adrenal
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High-performance liquid chomatography was used to quantitatively measure the amount of cortisol and ACTH in the patients’ plasma sample. The results are Cortisol 60.1 mcg/dl and ACTH 102 pg/ml: What could be the possible medical condition?
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Cushing's disease
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Which of the following endocrine glands is associated with increasing reabsorption of calcium?
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Parathyroid
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Which of the following endocrine glands regulate T-cell development?
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Thymus
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Normally high levels of cortisol would inhibit release of?
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Both ACTH and CRH
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You have 3 rats A normal rat with a normal metabolic rate, a thyroidectomized (thyroid gland removed) and a hypophysectomized (pituitary gland removed) rat both which have a lower than normal metabolic rate. If you inject all the rats with TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)which, if any, of the rats will develop goiters.
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The normal and the hypophysectomized rats
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A quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone is a..
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T score
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Hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones are known as _________ hormones.
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tropic
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A=
B= C= Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) D= Residual Volume (RV) E= F= G= H= Total Lung Capacity (TLC) |
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What effect does continuous vagal stimulation have on the heart?
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initially decrease heart rate and force contraction, but return to normal contraction after vagal escape occurs
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A frog is sitting in a 23C room. Which of the following room temperatures would increase the heart rate of the frog?
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32C
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Blood traveling through the Tricuspid valve of the heart subsequently enters the
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Right ventricle
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Right ventricle
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What region of what organ is indicated by the pointer
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Renal Medulla of the kidney
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Right atrium
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Aorta
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Tricuspid valve
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Pulmonary valve
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Tricuspid valve
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The blood in the chamber indicated by the yellow arrow is________
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deoxygenated
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Right atrium
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The blood in the chamber indicated by the yellow arrow is________
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oxygenated
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Will the “test-tube” pictured experience complete digestion after sufficient incubation at the indicated temperature and why?
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No, no enzyme in the test-tube
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A person with a T-score of 1 would be considered as
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Normal bone density
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Diabetes
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What organ is pictured?
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Testis
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Which of the “test-tubes” above will experience complete digestion when incubated for sufficient time at the temperature indicated?
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B
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Cortisol is secreted by the
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adrenal cortex
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ADH is produced in the _______.
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hypothalamus
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The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______.
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angiotensin II
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The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______.
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a change in body fluid osmolarity
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Which of the following is(are) hormones?
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ADH and aldosterone
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ADH and aldosterone
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decreased the urine volume
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With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______.
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the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased
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The urine was the most concentrated _______.
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with both ADH and aldosterone
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Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume?
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ADH
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What cells of what organ is indicated by the pointer?
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Interstitial cells of Leydig of the Testis
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Proteinuria
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You have a thyroidectomized (thyroid gland removed) rat and a hypophysectomized (pituitary gland removed) rat both of which have a lower than normal metabolic rate. Which of the following would you inject the two rats with to get both rats at a normal metabolic rate.
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Thyroxine
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This hormone stimulates the calcium uptake in long bones
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Calcitonin
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Your fasting plasma glucose is measured twice with the results of 135mg/dl and 129mg/dl so you are diagnosed as
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having diabetes mellitus
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone is secreted by the
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Pituitary gland
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What is(are) the driving force(s) for filtration in the nephron?
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hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forces
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The functions of the nephron include all of the following _______.
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tubular reabsorption, glomerular filtration, tubular secretion
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What is the name for the "ball" of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle?
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glomerulus
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Will the “test-tube” pictured experience complete digestion after sufficient incubation at the indicated temperature and why?
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No, Wrong temperature
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This hormone stimulates bone growth and has effects on may homeostatic processes
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Estrogen
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What structure of what organ is indicated by the pointer
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Colloid-Filled Follicles of the Thyroid gland
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Follicle-stimulating hormone is secreted by the
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Pituitary gland
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Storing energy in the body by building large molecules from smaller ones is _____________
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Anabolism
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This hormone enables body cells to absorb glucose from the blood stream
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Insulin
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What are the two main parts of the nephron?
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the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule
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Which of the following describes the order in which blood flows through the nephron?
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afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
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exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the tissues.
Functions include: maintenance of acid-base balance of the blood, maintenance of electrolyte balance in the body, maintenance of plasma osmolarity |
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Which of the following should NOT be found in the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule?
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white blood cells
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Which structures form the filtration membrane in the nephron?
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glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
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Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate?
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decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter
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Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure?
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ncreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter
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What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate?
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80 - 140 ml/min
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Your fasting plasma glucose is measured twice with the results of 56mg/dl and 100mg/dl so you are diagnosed as
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having normal blood sugar levels
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Carbohydrate rich meals take longer to digest than lipid rich meals.
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False
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Propel bolus through the esophagus
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Peristalsis
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Empty the stomach
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Peristalsis
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Mix contents of stomach with gastric secretion
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Peristalsis
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Mechanical breakdown of food
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Chewing
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Pulverize lumps of food in the stomach
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Peristalsis
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What type of motility is associated with the digestive function below? Propel feces to the rectum for evacuation
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Mass Movement
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This hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine
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TSH
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What organ is indicated by the pointer?
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Thyroid gland
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A person with a T-score of -2 would be considered as
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having osteopenia (bone thinning)
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Your morning cortisol levels was measured to be 2 mcg/dl and your morning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels was measured to be 100pg/ml thus you are diagnosed as having
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Addison’s Disease
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High-performance liquid chomatography was used to quantitatively measure the amount of cortisol and ACTH in the patients’ plasma sample. The results are Cortisol 2.3 mcg/dl and ACTH 15 pg/ml. What could be the possible medical condition?
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Secondary adrenal insufficiency
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A quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone is a_____
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T score
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As food travels through the digestive track, in which of the following do resident bacteria break down indigestible carbohydrates and synthesize vitamin K?
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large intestine
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Regulation of hormones in the body is mostly done through positive feedback mechanisms. T or F?
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False
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If you inject your friend with estrogen, what will happen to her bone density?
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Increase
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Releasing energy in the body by breaking large molecules into smaller ones is __________
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Catabolism
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________ is a hormone that precisely regulates the final amount of sodium reabsorbed from the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule into the blood.
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Aldosterone
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To ensure that glucose is reabsorbed into the body from the filtrate in the nephron, glucose ________ ________ are present in the proximal tubule cells.
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Carrier proteins
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What structure and of what organ is indicated by the pointer?
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?
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What is indicated by the letter B?
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Glomerulus
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Insulin is produced by the
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beta cells of pancreas
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What structure is indicated by the pin?
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Urethra
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What region of what organ is indicated by the pin?
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Cardiac region of the stomach
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What region of what organ is indicated by the pin?
|
?
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