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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of derivation of words: primarily latin, secondarily greek
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etymology
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who started the naming process (in latin)?
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carl lineus
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who roamed the country side and classified insects?
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millsheimer
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what is hypoxia?
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hypo - deficient
ox/o - oxygen ia - abnormal state |
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andr/o...
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male
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angi/o...
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vessel
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arteri/o...
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artery
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ather/o...
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joint
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chol/e...
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gall, bile
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cyst/o...
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bladder, sac
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ech/o...
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sound
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enter/o...
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intestine
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gloss/o
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tongue
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hepat/o...
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liver
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lingu/o...
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tongue
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mast/o...
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breast
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nephr/o...
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kidney
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or/o...
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mouth
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orchid/o...
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testis, testicle
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phleb/o...
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vein
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pulmon/o...
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lung
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ren/o...
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kidney
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shygm/o...
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pulse
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spir/o...
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breathe, breathing
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steth/o...
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chest
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throm/o...
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clot
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vas/o...
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vessel, duct
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eu-...
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normal
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-al...
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pertaining to
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-capnia...
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carbon dioxide
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-cele...
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hernia or protrusion
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-centesis...
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surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
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-crit...
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to separate
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-emia...
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blood condition
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-gen...
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substance or agent that produces or causes
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-ia...
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condition of diseased or abnormal state
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-ic...
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pertaining to
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-ism...
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state of
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-lysis...
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loosening, dissolution, separating
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-megaly...
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enlargement
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-osis...
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abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)
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-ostomy...
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creation of an artificial opening
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-otomy...
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cut or incision
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-ous...
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pertaining to
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-pathy..
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disease
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-penia...
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abnormal reduction in number
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-pepsia...
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digestion
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-pnea...
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breathing
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-sarcoma...
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malignant tumor
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-sclerosis...
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hardening
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-scopic...
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pertaining to visual examination
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-stasis...
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control, stop, standing
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-stenosis...
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constriction or narrowing
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-trophy...
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nourisment, development
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-uria...
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urine
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what kind of stain is used to color/stain luekocytes?
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wright's stain
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what is the average volume of blood in males? females?
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5-6 L; 4-5 L
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what are the 2 basic components of blood?
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blood plasma and formed elements
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what are the three types of formed elements?
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erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
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what is the primary function of red blood cells?
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respiratory gas transport
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how long do red blood cells live? why?
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100-120 days; because they don't have organelles
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what are the five types of leukocytes?
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neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
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which leukocytes are agranulated? which are granulated?
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agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes
granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
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what are platelets? what is their function?
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cell fragments; seal small tears in blood vessels
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what does the hematocrit measure? (what value is reported)
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the percentage of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes
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what disease is the hematocrit primarily used to diagnose?
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anemia
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what is the normal hematocrit value for a male? female?
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male: 47% +- 5
female: 42% +- 5 |
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why is measuring the hemoglobin concentration the most accurate way to determine if a person is anemic?
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if hemoglobin is low, then the level of iron (the "heme" of hemoglobin) will be low as well
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what is the normal hemoglobin concentration for a male? female?
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male: 13-18 g/100ml
female: 12-16g/100ml |
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if you had a high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin concentration to be high? why or why not?
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not necessarily because you could be missing the elements needed for hemoglobin to attach to the RBC
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define antigen
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a substance that is recognized as foreign by the immune system and reacts with immune cells or their products
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antigens on the surface of erythrocytes are called...
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glycoproteins
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define antibody...
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a protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell and that binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin
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which type of antibodies act against RBCs carrying ABO antigens that are not present on a person's own red blood cells?
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agglutinins
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what causes clumping?
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the agglutinogens in the the serum react with the antigens found on the RBCs
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why is it important that a person's blood be carefully typed before giving a transfusion?
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because the body will reject the blood if it isn't compatable and anemia and hypoxia can occur
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what is the route of a drop of blood through the heart?
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superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, lungs, pulminary veins, left atrium, mitral (bicuspid) valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta
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describe the function of the valves in the heart?
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the prevent backflow in to the atria when the ventricles are contracting
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why is the heart muscle thicker on the left side compared to the right?
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the left side pumps to the body, requiring much more force in each constriction than what is needed for the right side to pump blood to the lungs
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what would happen to the heart if excess fluid were to accumulate in the pericardial sac? how is it treated?
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pericarditis: treated by inserting a syringe in to the pericardial cavity and draining off the excess fluid.
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which system of noncontractile cardiac cells helps the heart to contract in a coordinated and independent manner
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intrinsic conduction system
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which system modifies the rate of the heart through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
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autonomic nervous system
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list the components of the intrinsic conduction system in order...
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sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, purkinje fibers
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which intrinsic conduction system structure is referred to as the "pacemaker"?
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SA node
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what is an electrocardiogram?
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a graphic record of heart activity (electrical changes in the heart)
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what are the three primary waves on the ECG?
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P wave, QRS complex, T wave
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each square on our ECGs equals...
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.04 seconds
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1 beat/how ever many mm x 25 mm x 60 sec = beats/minute
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how to find beats/minute from an ECG reading
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what does the "lub" sound represent?
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the closing of the AV valve, signifies the point when ventricle pressure rises above atrial pressure
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what does the "dub" represent?
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the SL valves snapping shut, at the beginning of ventricular relaxation
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define pulse
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rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction
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in general, where are pulses most easily felt?
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where the radial artery surfaces at the wrist; the radial pulse
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what is the best way to palpate a pulse?
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by compressing the artery against firm tissue
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define blood pressure
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the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
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what are sounds korotkoff?
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soft tapping sounds heard while taking blood pressure
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what is used to constantly evaluate the saturation of oxygen in theblood and a patient's pulse rate?
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pulse oximeter
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what is used to find blood pressure?
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sphygmomanometer
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look over the arteries and veins
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if right go on, if wrong mark as incorrect
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what are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?
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-transports fluid to the blood vessels
-removes foreign material such as bacteria and debris from the lymphatic stream -allows lymphocytes to monitor body fluids |
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explain how blood plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph are related...
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as blood circulates through capillareis, some blood plasma is left behind and is called interstitial fluid; as the intersitital fluid enters the lymphatic system, it becomes lymph.
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uper arm and side of head and thorax is drained by what duct?
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right lymphatic duct
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most of the body is drained by what duct?
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thoracic duct
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whats another name for the pharyngeal tonsils?
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adenoids
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what feature of the lymph node ensures the slow flow of lymph?
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there aren't very many exits, it's important so that the macrophages and lymphocytes can destroy bacteria
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