A&p Ii Lab Practical 2

Front 1

How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius?

Back 1

vasoconstriction

Front 2

When the radius of the flow tube is decreased, the _______.

Back 2

fluid flow rate decreases

Front 3

During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat _______________ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat ____________.

Back 3

dilated, constricted

Front 4

Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through _______.

Back 4

vasodilation

Front 5

In this activity, which of the following were kept constant?

Back 5

blood vessel radius and blood vessel length

Front 6

Which of the following describes the graph of flow versus viscosity?

Back 6

As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased and the graph was curved.

Front 7

Which viscosity had the fastest flow rate?

Back 7

1

Front 8

What is the typical range for viscosity of the blood?

Back 8

3-5

Front 9

Increasing blood vessel length _______.

Back 9

has the same effect as decreasing blood vessel radius and increases resistance to flow

Front 10

Which flow tube length had the greatest flow rate?

Back 10

10mm

Front 11

Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?

Back 11

blood vessel radius

Front 12

Which of the following describes why the body might need to increase vessel length?

Back 12

to accommodate weight gain and height changes

Front 13

Which of the following result(s) in an increase in fluid flow rate?

Back 13

increase in pressure and increase in radius diameter

Front 14

Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate.

Back 14

It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure.

Front 15

In this activity, we changed the pressure delivered by the left beaker. This is analogous to _______.

Back 15

increasing the force of contraction of the heart

Front 16

The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______.

Back 16

end systolic volume

Front 17

When the flow tube radius increased, _______.

Back 17

resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure

Front 18

Which of the following stayed constant throughout this activity?

Back 18

stroke volume

Front 19

Which right flow tube radius resulted in the fastest flow rate?

Back 19

5.0 mm

Front 20

Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______.

Back 20

increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload

Front 21

Which variable was altered in this activity?

Back 21

stroke volume

Front 22

An increase in venous return _______.

Back 22

occurs during exercise

Front 23

Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______.

Back 23

increasing preload

Front 24

In this activity, the pump simulates the _______.

Back 24

left ventricle

Front 25

When the left flow tube radius was increased, _______.

Back 25

the flow rate increased

Front 26

Patients with aortic valve stenosis experience _______.

Back 26

increased thickness in the myocardium and a decrease in chamber volume

Front 27

Delivering single shocks in succession to stimulate the frog heart _______.

Back 27

did not increase the height of the ventricular systole wave

Front 28

The doublet that results with more frequent stimulation of the frog heart represents _______.

Back 28

an extrasystole and an extra contraction of the ventricles

Front 29

When the ventricles beat rapidly in succession, _______.

Back 29

a compensatory pause followed

Front 30

When multiple stimuli were applied at 20 stimuli/sec, _______.

Back 30

extrasystoles were produced

Front 31

When vagus nerve stimulation was applied to the frog heart, _______.

Back 31

the heart rate slowed and eventually stopped

Front 32

What part of your tracing illustrates vagal escape?

Back 32

the part where the heart resumed beating

Front 33

Research shows that in the absence of neural and hormonal influences, the SA node generates action potentials at a frequency of about 100 times per minute. However, the resting heart rate is about 70 beats per minute. What would the approximate heart rate be if the vagus nerve were severed?

Back 33

about 100 beats per minute

Front 34

Which of the following has the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization?

Back 34

the SA node

Front 35

For the frog heart, temperature and heart rate are _______.

Back 35

directly proportional

Front 36

If the human heart were experiencing hyperthermia, what do you think would be the effect on the heart rate?

Back 36

The heart rate would increase.

Front 37

Ringer's solution contains which of the following?

Back 37

cations, anions and electrolytes

Front 38

Muscarine is a poison found in poisonous mushrooms. Muscarine binds to acetylcholine receptors and mimics its action. Which of the following describes the effect of muscarine?

Back 38

Like pilocarpine, it decreases the heart rate.

Front 39

Beta blockers are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Which receptors do you think are being blocked?

Back 39

beta-adrenergic

Front 40

With respect to heart rate, which of the following worked in opposition to each other?

Back 40

digitalis and atropine

Front 41

With respect to heart rate, which of the following had the same effect?

Back 41

digitalis and pilocarpine as well as atropine and epinephrine

Front 42

Which ion(s) at least initially lowered the frog heart rate in the activity you just performed?

Back 42

potassium and sodium

Front 43

What effect does potassium have on the resting membrane potential of the cardiac cell?

Back 43

Increasing extracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more positive.

Front 44

The cardiac cell plasma membrane is most permeable to _______________________.

Back 44

potassium

Front 45

Calcium channel blockers block the movement of calcium _______.

Back 45

into the cell and decrease heart rate

Front 46

A ___________________ drug increases the force of contraction of the heart.

Back 46

positive inotropic