Ap Europe Unit 9

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EDWIN CHADWICK

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FOREMOST PROPONENT OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH MOVEMENT

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PLEBISCITE

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NATIONAL REFERENDUM IN WHICH THE ENTIRE ELECTORATE IS ASKED TO VOTE

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PIEDMONT-SARDINIA

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ITALIAN KINGDOM THAT ORGANIZED THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY

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VINCENZO GIOBERTI

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CATHOLIC PRIEST WHO CALLED FOR A FEDERATION OF ITALIAN STATES UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF THE POPE

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PIUS IX

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POPE WHO OPPOSED LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM AMD MODERNIZATION DURING THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1878

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VICTOR EMMANUEL

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KING OF PIEDMONT-SARDINIA, FIRST KING OF UNITED ITALY

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COUNT CAVOUR

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PRIME MINITER OF PIEDMONT-SARDINIA WHO ENGINEERED THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY

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NAPOLEON III

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LEADER OF FRANCE DURING THE 2ND EMPIRE

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SECOND EMPIRE

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FRENCH GOVERNMENT 1852-1871

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GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI

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RADICAL AND IDEALIST ITALIAN REVOLUTIONARY WHOSE RED SHIRTS BROUGHT SICILY AND SOUTHERN ITALY INTO THE ITALIAN UNIFICATION MOVEMENT

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RED SHIRTS

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GARIBALDI'S GUERILLA ARMY

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ZOLLVEREIN

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GERMAN CUSTOMS UNION THAT UNITED GERMANY ECONOMICALLY IN THE DECADES PRIOR TO POLITICAL UNIFICATION

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OTTO VON BISMARCK

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PRUSSIAN JUNKER WHO ENGINEERED THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

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CHANCELLOR

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GERMAN PRIME MINISTER

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BLOOD AND IRON

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BISMARCK'S RHETORICAL DESCRIPTION OF HOW HE WOULD UNITE GERMANY

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SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN

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GERMAN STATES OVER HWICH THE DANISH WAR WAS FOUGHT

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DANISH WAR

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1864 WAR OF DENMARK AGAINST AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA

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AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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1866 WAR OF PRUSSIA AGAINST AUSTRIA

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SEVEN WEEKS WAR

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AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION

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ORGANIZATION OF GERMAN STATES AFTER THE DEFEAT OF AUSTRIA IN THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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REICHSTAG

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GERMAN PARLIAMENT

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EMS DISPATCH

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DOCUMENT USED BY BISMARCK TO GET FRANCE INTO THE FRANC0-PRUSSIAN WAR

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FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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1870-1871 WAR THAT DEFEATED NAPOLEON III AND LED TO THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

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BATTLE OF SEDAN

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DECISIVE BATTLE OF THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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TREATY OF FRANKFURT

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TREATY ENDING FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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ALSACE-LORRAINE

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PROVINCES CEDED BY FRANCE TO GERMANY AFTER FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR

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GERMAN EMPIRE

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GERMANY AFTER 1871

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KULTURKAMPF

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BISMARCK'S ANTI-CATHOLIC CAMPAIGN

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JUNKERS

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GERMAN MILITARY NOBILITY

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SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY

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GERMAN SOCIALIST PARTY

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THIRD REPUBLIC

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FRENCH GOVERNMENT 1871-1930

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PARIS COMMUNE

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RADICAL PARIS GOVERNMENT
1870-1

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ADOLPHE THIERS

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FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE THIRD FRENCH REPUBLIC WHO SUPPRESSED THE PARIS COMMUNE

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LEON GAMBETTA

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FRENCH LEADER WHO ESTABLISHED PARLIAMENTARY SUPREMACY IN EARLY YEARS OF THIRD REPUBLIC

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JULES FERRY

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FRENCH LEADER WHO ESTABLISHED FREE COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN THIRD REPUBLIC FRANCE

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BOULANGER CRISIS

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FAILED MILITARY COUP AGAINST THIRD REPUBLIC

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DREYFUSS AFFAIR

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POLITICAL SCANDAL WITH ANTI-SEMITIC OVERTONES WHICH DIVIDED THIRD REPUBLIC FRANCE IN 1890'S

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ZOLA'S J'ACCUSE

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PUBLIC LETTER THAT EXPOSED DREYFUSS AFFAIR TO PUBLIC

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BENJAMIN DISRAELI

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BRITISH CONSERVATIVE LEADER RESPOONSIBLE FOR REFORM BILL OF 1867

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WILLIAM GLADSTONE

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BRITISH LIBERAL LEADER RESPONSIBLE FOR 1884 REFORM BILL

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REFORM BILL OF 1867

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ENGLISH EXTENSION OF SUFFRAGE TO ALL MALE MIDDLE CLASS MEMBERS

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REFORM BILL OF 1884

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ENGLISH EXTENSION OF SUFFRAGE TO ALL ADULT MALES

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PEOPLE'S BUDGET

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1906 ENGLISH LEGISLATION INCREASING SPENDING ON SOCIAL SERVICES

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HOME RULE

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DEMAND FOR SELF-GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE BRITISH EMPIRE

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ULSTER

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NORTHERN IRELAND PROTESTANT REGION

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DUAL MONARCHY

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1867 DIVISION OF AUSTRIAN EMPIRE INTO AUSTRIA AND VIRTUALLY INDEPENDENT HUNGARY

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CRIMEAN WAR

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1853-6 WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND FRANCE/ENGLAND

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ALEXANDER II

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REFORMING CZAR OF RUSSIA WHO FREED THE SERFS IN 1861

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SERGEI WITTE

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RUSSIAN OFFICIAL WHO OVERSAW THE MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIA AFTER MURDER OF ALEXANDER II

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MIR

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RUSSIAN VILLAGE CHARACTERIZED BY COLLECTIVE OWNERSHIP & RESPONSIBILITY

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ZEMSTVO

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RUSSIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT, USUALLY DOMINATED BY LOCAL NOBLE

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REVOLUTION OF 1905

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1905 CONVERGENCE OF DISCONTENT WITH CENTURIES OF AUTOCRATIC RULE AND BACKWARDNESS IN RUSSIA

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BLOODY SUNDAY

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1905 MASSACRE OF PEACEFULLY PROTESTING WORKERS THAT PROVOKED REVOLUTION OF 1905

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OCTOBER MANIFESTO

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LIBERAL REFORMS PROMISED BY CZAR NICHOLAS II AFTER REVOLUTION OF 1905

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DUMA

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RUSSIAN PARLIAMENT

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PETER STOLYPIN

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RUSSIAN OFFICIAL WHO TRIED TO MODERNIZE RUSSIAN COUNTRYSIDE BEFORE WORLD WAR I

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FABIAN SOCIETY

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LATE 19TH CENTURY BRITISH SOCIALIST PARTY

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SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL

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INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIALIST PARTIES

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BREAD AND BUTTER ISSUES

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PRACTICAL ISSUES LIKE WAGES & HOURS THAT WERE OF GREATER CONCERN TO EUROPEAN WORKERS THAN THE SWEEPING REVOLUTIONS OFFERED BY MARXISTS

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REVISIONISM

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LATE 19TH CENTURY ATTEMPT TO TURN MARXISM INTO A PROGRAM OF GRADUAL REFORM RATHER THAN RADICAL REVOLUTION

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EDUARD BERNSTEIN

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FOUNDER OF REVISIONISM

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EVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM

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MAIN REVISIONIST WORK BY BERNSTEIN

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JEAN JAURES

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FRENCH SOCIALIST LEADER

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1853-1856

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DATE OF CRIMEAN WAR

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1861

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DATE OF FREEING OF RUSSIAN SERFS

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1870-71

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DATE OF PARIS COMMUNIE

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1870

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DATE OF BEGINNING OF THIRD FRENCH REPUBLIC

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1894

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DATE OF DREYFUSS AFFAIR

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1905

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DATE OF BOLLDY SUNDAY

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SANITARY IDEA

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CHADWICK'S IDEA THAT URBAN DISEASE COULD BE CONTROLLED BY CLEANING UP IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT

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PUBLIC HEALTH MOVEMENT

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LATE 19TH CENTURY MOVEMENT TO REDUCE MORTALITY IN THE OVERCROWDED CITIES

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MIASMATIC THEORY OF DISEASE

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OLD IDEA THAT DISEASES SPREAD BY BREATHING FOUL ODORS

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GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

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PASTEUR'S IDEA THAT DISEASE IS CAUSED BY SPECIFIC LIVING ORGANISMS THAT CAN BE KILLED

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JOSEPH LISTER

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PHYSICIAN WHO FIGURED OUT THAT POST-SURGERY DEATHS COULD BE REDUCED BY STERILIZING THE WOUND, THE DOCTORS, AND THE EQUIPMENT

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ANTISEPTIC PRINCIPLE

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LISTER'S IDEA THAT POST-SURGERY DEATHS COULD BE REDUCED BY STERILIZING THE WOUND, THE DOCTORS, AND THE EQUIPMENT

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JOSEPH PASTEUR

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SCIENTIST WHO ORIGINATED THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE AND THE PROCESS OF PASTUERIZATION

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GEORGES VON HAUSSMANN

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DESIGNED THE MASSIVE RENOVATION OF PARIS DURING THE SECOND FRENCH EMPIRE

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LABOR ARISTOCRACY

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SKILLED WORKERS AT THE TOP OF THE WORKING CLASS HISERACRCHY

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ILLEGITIMACY EXPLOSION

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CENTURY-LONG INCREASE IN OUT-OF-WEDLOCK BIRTHS 1750-1850

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MENDELEEV

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CHEMIST WHO MADE THE FIRST PERIODIC TABLE

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MARIE CURIE

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SCIENTIST WHO DISCOVERED THE 1ST RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT (RADIUM)

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ERNEST RUTHERFORD

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PHYSICIST WHO HYPOTHESIZED THE SPLIT ATOM OF POSITIVE NUCLEUS AND NEGATIVE ELECTRONS

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MAX PLANCK

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PHYSICIST WHO HYPOTHESIZED QUANTUM THEORY

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ALBERT EINSTEIN

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MATHEMETICIAN WHOSE THEORY OF RELATIVITY SUGGESTED THAT TIME & SPACE DEPEND UPON THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE OBSERVER

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THEORY OF RELATIVITY

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EINSTEIN'S IDEA THAT TIME & SPACE DEPEND UPON THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE OBSERVER

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SIGMUND FREUD

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FOUNDER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS

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MICHAEL FARADAY

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PHYSICIST WHOSE WORK IN ELECTRO-MAGNETISM LED TO THE USE OF ELECTRICITY AS A POWER SOURCE

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AUGUST COMTE

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FOUNDER OF POSITIVIST SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

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POSITIVISM

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Comte's theory that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method.

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CHARLES DARWIN

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SCIENTIST WHO FIRST THEORIZED EVOLUTION

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ORIGIN OF SPECIES

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BOOK BY DARWIN

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CHARLES LYDELL

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GEOLOGIST WHO SUGGESTED THAT GEOLICAL DEVELOPMENT OCCURED GRADUALLY RATHER THAN BY BIBLICAL-TYPE CATACLYSMS

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SOCIAL DARWINISM

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APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION TO SOCIETY

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EVOLUTION

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DARWIN'S THEORY THAT ALL LIFE EVOLVED FROM COMMON ANCESTORS THRU STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL

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REALISM

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CULTURAL IDEA THAT ART SHOULD PORTRAY LIFE AS IT IS RATHER THAN IN SOME ROMANTICIZED FORM

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HERBERT SPENCER

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SOCIAL DARWINIST

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EMILE ZOLA

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FRENCH REALIST AUTHOR WHO PORTRAYED THE SEAMY SIDE OF WORKING CLASS LIFE

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GUSTAVE FLAUBERT

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FRENCH REALIST AUTHOR WHO PORTRAYED THE SMUGNESS AND PETTINESS OF MIDDLE CLASS LIFE

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HONORE DE BALZAC

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FRENCH REALIST AUTHOR WHO PORTRAYED URBAN LIFE IN 19TH CENTURY FRANCE

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GEORGE ELIOT

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ENGLISH REALIST AUTHOR WHO WROTE ABOUT SOCIAL CLASS IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND

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THOMAS HARDY

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REALIST AUTHOR WHO WROTE ABOUT SEX AND MORALS IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND